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Neṭunalvāṭai (Tamil: நெடுநல்வாடை, lit. "good long north wind", metonymically "cold season") is an ancient Tamil poem in the Sangam literature. Also referred to as Nedunalvadai, it is a blend of a love and war story, highlighting the pains of separation of a queen waiting for her lover to return from the distant war. Authored by Nakkirar, it is the seventh poem in the Pattuppāṭṭu anthology. The poem is generally dated to the late classical period (2nd to 4th century CE).

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  • Nedunalvadai (de)
  • Neṭunalvāṭai (en)
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  • Das Nedunalvadai (நெடுநல்வாடை Neṭunalvāṭai [ˈneɖɯnalvaːɖɛi̯ ] „der lange gute Nordwind“) ist ein Werk der alttamilischen Sangam-Literatur. Es handelt sich um ein längeres Einzelgedicht in einer Mischform der Genres der Liebes- und Heldendichtung (agam und puram). Innerhalb der Sangam-Literatur gehört es zur Gruppe der „zehn Gesänge“ (Pattuppattu). Die Datierung der Sangam-Literatur ist höchst unsicher. Anhand sprachlicher und stilistischer Kriterien wird für das Nedunalvadai aber ein Entstehungszeitraum im 4. Jahrhundert vorgeschlagen. (de)
  • Neṭunalvāṭai (Tamil: நெடுநல்வாடை, lit. "good long north wind", metonymically "cold season") is an ancient Tamil poem in the Sangam literature. Also referred to as Nedunalvadai, it is a blend of a love and war story, highlighting the pains of separation of a queen waiting for her lover to return from the distant war. Authored by Nakkirar, it is the seventh poem in the Pattuppāṭṭu anthology. The poem is generally dated to the late classical period (2nd to 4th century CE). (en)
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  • Das Nedunalvadai (நெடுநல்வாடை Neṭunalvāṭai [ˈneɖɯnalvaːɖɛi̯ ] „der lange gute Nordwind“) ist ein Werk der alttamilischen Sangam-Literatur. Es handelt sich um ein längeres Einzelgedicht in einer Mischform der Genres der Liebes- und Heldendichtung (agam und puram). Innerhalb der Sangam-Literatur gehört es zur Gruppe der „zehn Gesänge“ (Pattuppattu). Das Nedunalvadai hat eine Länge von 188 Zeilen und ist im Agaval-Versmaß verfasst. Es wird dem Autor zugeschrieben. Der Text ist in einer Mischform der Genres der Liebes- und Heldendichtung (agam und puram) verfasst. Das Gedicht handelt von einer Frau die auf die Rückkehr ihres Mannes, der sie wegen eines Feldzugs verlassen musste, wartet. Der Fokus verlagert sich schrittweise vom Land, wo die Hirten unter Regen und Kälte leiden, in die Stadt, und dann über die Straßen der Stadt und durch die Palasttore in das Schlafgemach der Königin, die sich nach ihrem abwesenden Mann verzehrt. Dann wechselt die Szene in das Heerlager des Königs, das ausführlich beschrieben wird. Während das sehnsuchtsvolle Warten der Frau ein konventionelles Thema der alttamilischen Liebesdichtung (agam) ist, ist die Beschreibung des Heerlagers dem Genre der Heldendichtung (puram) zuzuordnen. Der Held des Gedichts wird traditionell mit dem Pandya-König identifiziert, auch wenn sein Name im Text selbst nicht erwähnt wird. Die Datierung der Sangam-Literatur ist höchst unsicher. Anhand sprachlicher und stilistischer Kriterien wird für das Nedunalvadai aber ein Entstehungszeitraum im 4. Jahrhundert vorgeschlagen. (de)
  • Neṭunalvāṭai (Tamil: நெடுநல்வாடை, lit. "good long north wind", metonymically "cold season") is an ancient Tamil poem in the Sangam literature. Also referred to as Nedunalvadai, it is a blend of a love and war story, highlighting the pains of separation of a queen waiting for her lover to return from the distant war. Authored by Nakkirar, it is the seventh poem in the Pattuppāṭṭu anthology. The poem is generally dated to the late classical period (2nd to 4th century CE). Nedunalvadai contains 188 lines of poetry in the akaval metre. It is a poem of complex and subtle artistic composition, its vividness and language has won it many superlatives, including one by the Tamil literature scholar Kamil Zvelebil, as "the best or one of the best of the lays of the [Sangam] bardic corpus". According to G. John Samuel, the "Netunalvatai belongs to the great corpus of ancient classical erotic poems of the world which include the beautiful love poems of the Grecian world, the Song of songs of the Hebraic world, the ancient pastoral poems of the Latin literature and the Muktaka poems of the Sanskrit tradition". The poem weaves two themes, one of a beautiful palace with a queen inconsolably weeping and missing her husband, another of a chaotic war camp with the Pandya king Netunceliyan busy and attending his injured soldiers. The former is the akam-genre poetry, the latter the puram-genre. The poem neither names the king nor the queen, but this is alluded to by the metaphors and the words that paint where she lives with her attendants (palace) and by the role and achievements of the man who is at the war front. Similarly, the city itself is not explicitly named, but alluded to by the details included. In the Tamil tradition, as linked in a medieval commentary on this poem, the unnamed king is presumed to be Netunceliyan. The poem paints the Tamil region in the cold season, with the northerly wind and retreating monsoonal rains. The people are described as huddling around fires, people then putting their warmed hands on their cheeks, how animals and birds shiver. Women wear simple clothes and minimal jewelry (wedding bracelets) inside their homes and mansions, as their husbands are away on war. In contrast, on the war front, men are decked up in their protective gear inside their simple tents. The Netunalvatai verses provide social and cultural information. Musical troupes were accompanied by dancing girls in the city. Women prayed to Korravai goddess in temples seeking the safe return of their husbands (lines 48–52, 185–194). They would light lamps, offer flowers and rice with their prayers. Lines 101–102 suggest that Tamil merchants traded with Greek-Romans (yavanas) for designer lamps. (en)
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