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The Ngo Ho Tjiang Kongsi (Chinese: 五虎将; pinyin: Wǔ Hǔ Jiàng; the 'Five Tiger Generals'), sometimes spelled Ngo Houw Tjiang, was a powerful consortium that dominated the opium pacht or tax farm of the Residency of Batavia, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in the early to mid-nineteenth century. The pacht was an outsourced tax operation, collecting customs, excise and indirect duties on behalf of the Dutch colonial government.

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  • Ngo Ho Tjiang (in)
  • Ngo Ho Tjiang (en)
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  • The Ngo Ho Tjiang Kongsi (Chinese: 五虎将; pinyin: Wǔ Hǔ Jiàng; the 'Five Tiger Generals'), sometimes spelled Ngo Houw Tjiang, was a powerful consortium that dominated the opium pacht or tax farm of the Residency of Batavia, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in the early to mid-nineteenth century. The pacht was an outsourced tax operation, collecting customs, excise and indirect duties on behalf of the Dutch colonial government. (en)
  • Kongsi Ngo Ho Tjiang (Hanzi: 五虎将; Pinyin: Wǔ Hǔ Jiàng, 'Five Tiger Generals', 'Lima Jenderal Harimau'), kadang-kadang dieja sebagai Ngo Houw Tjiang merupakan konsorsium kuat yang mendominasi pajak opium atau pajak pertanian di Batavia, Hindia Belanda (saat ini Indonesia) di awal sampai pertengahan abad ke-19. Kongsi Ngo Ho Tjiang adalah operasional alih daya perpajakan yang bertugas untuk memunggut pajak, cukai, dan bea tidak langsung atas nama Pemerintahan Kolonial Belanda. (in)
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  • 五虎将 (en)
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  • Wǔ Hǔ Jiàng (en)
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  • The Ngo Ho Tjiang Kongsi (Chinese: 五虎将; pinyin: Wǔ Hǔ Jiàng; the 'Five Tiger Generals'), sometimes spelled Ngo Houw Tjiang, was a powerful consortium that dominated the opium pacht or tax farm of the Residency of Batavia, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in the early to mid-nineteenth century. The pacht was an outsourced tax operation, collecting customs, excise and indirect duties on behalf of the Dutch colonial government. The five partners of the consortium were the pachters Lauw Ho, , Tan Ling, Khouw Siong Bo and Tan Kong Boen. The name of the kongsi refers to the five generals of the 14th-century Chinese classic novel, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Of all colonial-era pachten, opium was by far the most lucrative; and the five partners of Ngo Ho Tjiang were consequently among the wealthiest and most powerful tycoons of early to mid-nineteenth century Java. Ngo Ho Tjiang had very close ties to the colonial Chinese bureaucracy. One of the partners, Luitenant-titulair Gouw Kang Soei, sat on the Kong Koan ('Chinese Council') of Batavia, while the consortium's administrator, Lim Soe Keng Sia, was a son-in-law of Tan Eng Goan, the 1st Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia and the city's most senior Chinese official. (en)
  • Kongsi Ngo Ho Tjiang (Hanzi: 五虎将; Pinyin: Wǔ Hǔ Jiàng, 'Five Tiger Generals', 'Lima Jenderal Harimau'), kadang-kadang dieja sebagai Ngo Houw Tjiang merupakan konsorsium kuat yang mendominasi pajak opium atau pajak pertanian di Batavia, Hindia Belanda (saat ini Indonesia) di awal sampai pertengahan abad ke-19. Kongsi Ngo Ho Tjiang adalah operasional alih daya perpajakan yang bertugas untuk memunggut pajak, cukai, dan bea tidak langsung atas nama Pemerintahan Kolonial Belanda. Lima mitra dari kongsi konsorsium tersebut adalah Lauw Ho, Gouw Kang Soei, Luitenant-titulair der Chinezen, Tan Ling, Khouw Siong Bo and Tan Kong Boen. Nama kongsi merujuk kepada 5 Jenderal di novel klasik Tiongkok abab ke-14 berjudul Kisah Tiga Negara. Dari pajak pertanian era kolonial, opium yang paling menguntungkan dan lima mitra dari Ngo Ho Tjiang berada dalam kelompok pengusaha paling kuat pada awal sampai pertengahan abad ke-19 di pulau Jawa. Ngo Ho Tjiang memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat dengan birokrasi kolonial Tiongkok. Salah satu mitranya yaitu Luitenant-titulair Gouw Kang Soei menduduki jabatan di Kong Koan (Konsil Tiongkok) di Batavia, sementara itu, admi dari konsorsium Lim Soe Keng Sia merupakan menantu dari Tan Eng Goan dari Batavia yang merupakan pejabat Tiongkok paling senior di Batavia. (in)
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