Nigro protocol is the preoperative use of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin and medical radiation for squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal. Success of the preoperative regimen changed the paradigm of anal cancer treatment from surgical to non-surgical and was the advent of definitive chemoradiation (omitting surgery) being accepted as a standard-of-care for anal squamous cell carcinomas. Larger doses of radiation are used in modern chemoradiotherapy protocols versus the original Nigro protocol radiotherapy dose.
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- Nigro protocol (zh)
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| - Nigro protocol 指的是在肛門鱗狀細胞癌手術前，使用5-氟尿嘧啶（5-fluorouracil）與絲裂黴素（mitomycin）作化學治療，並且進行放射治療的治療方案。術前治療方案的成功使肛門癌的治療範式由手術改變為非手術，並且使治癒性化學放射療法（definitive chemoradiation）被認可為肛門鱗狀細胞癌的標準治療方法。比起Nigro potocol原本所使用的放射劑量，現代化學放射療法所用的劑量較高。 根據Nigro protocol，患者在三週內接受30 Gy（3000 rads）的放射線治療，在前四天以及第20到31天之間持續給予氟尿嘧啶，並且在第一天給予單次劑量（bolus）的絲裂黴素。Nigro protocol命名取自在1970年代中期開發出這套治療方案的 Norman Nigro（1912-2009）。在接受這套治療之後，體內尚有殘存疾病的病患，應當接受補救性的腹部會陰切除治療（APR, abdomino-perineal resection），且應有足夠的時間使疾病消退。在Nigro的原始報告中，立即完全緩解率大約在75%的範圍內。若疾病穩定或正在消退，可以每6到8週、持續數月地評估病人對治療的反應。若出現任何疾病惡化的徵兆，都必須利用活檢以及隨後進行的腹部會陰切除手術（APR）來再度評估疾病。 (zh)
- Nigro protocol is the preoperative use of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin and medical radiation for squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal. Success of the preoperative regimen changed the paradigm of anal cancer treatment from surgical to non-surgical and was the advent of definitive chemoradiation (omitting surgery) being accepted as a standard-of-care for anal squamous cell carcinomas. Larger doses of radiation are used in modern chemoradiotherapy protocols versus the original Nigro protocol radiotherapy dose. (en)
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| - Nigro protocol is the preoperative use of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin and medical radiation for squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal. Success of the preoperative regimen changed the paradigm of anal cancer treatment from surgical to non-surgical and was the advent of definitive chemoradiation (omitting surgery) being accepted as a standard-of-care for anal squamous cell carcinomas. Larger doses of radiation are used in modern chemoradiotherapy protocols versus the original Nigro protocol radiotherapy dose. In the Nigro protocol, the patient receives 30 Gy (3000 rads) of radiation over a three-week period, as well as continuous administration of fluorouracil for the first four days and on days 20–31, with bolus mitomycin on day 1. It is named after (1912–2009), who developed it in the mid-1970s. In cases of patients who still have residual disease after receiving the protocol, they should undergo salvage APR (abdomino-perineal resection); adequate time should be allowed for regression. The immediate complete response rate was in the 75% range in Nigro's original reports. Response to treatment can be evaluated every 6-8 weeks for many months if disease is regressing or clinically stable. Any sign of progressive disease should prompt reassessment of disease with biopsy and subsequent surgery with the aforementioned APR. (en)
- Nigro protocol 指的是在肛門鱗狀細胞癌手術前，使用5-氟尿嘧啶（5-fluorouracil）與絲裂黴素（mitomycin）作化學治療，並且進行放射治療的治療方案。術前治療方案的成功使肛門癌的治療範式由手術改變為非手術，並且使治癒性化學放射療法（definitive chemoradiation）被認可為肛門鱗狀細胞癌的標準治療方法。比起Nigro potocol原本所使用的放射劑量，現代化學放射療法所用的劑量較高。 根據Nigro protocol，患者在三週內接受30 Gy（3000 rads）的放射線治療，在前四天以及第20到31天之間持續給予氟尿嘧啶，並且在第一天給予單次劑量（bolus）的絲裂黴素。Nigro protocol命名取自在1970年代中期開發出這套治療方案的 Norman Nigro（1912-2009）。在接受這套治療之後，體內尚有殘存疾病的病患，應當接受補救性的腹部會陰切除治療（APR, abdomino-perineal resection），且應有足夠的時間使疾病消退。在Nigro的原始報告中，立即完全緩解率大約在75%的範圍內。若疾病穩定或正在消退，可以每6到8週、持續數月地評估病人對治療的反應。若出現任何疾病惡化的徵兆，都必須利用活檢以及隨後進行的腹部會陰切除手術（APR）來再度評估疾病。 (zh)
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