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The nine familial exterminations or nine kinship exterminations or execution of nine relations, also known by the names zuzhu ("family execution") and miezu ("family extermination"), was the most severe punishment for a capital offense in premodern China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. A collective form of kin punishment typically associated with offenses such as treason, the punishment involved the execution of all relatives of an individual, which were categorized into nine groups. Nine exterminations were often done by slow slicing. The occurrence of this punishment was somewhat rare, with relatively few sentences recorded throughout history.

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  • Pemberantasan sembilan derajat kekerabatan (in)
  • 멸족 (ko)
  • 族誅 (ja)
  • Nine familial exterminations (en)
  • 族誅 (zh)
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  • The nine familial exterminations or nine kinship exterminations or execution of nine relations, also known by the names zuzhu ("family execution") and miezu ("family extermination"), was the most severe punishment for a capital offense in premodern China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. A collective form of kin punishment typically associated with offenses such as treason, the punishment involved the execution of all relatives of an individual, which were categorized into nine groups. Nine exterminations were often done by slow slicing. The occurrence of this punishment was somewhat rare, with relatively few sentences recorded throughout history. (en)
  • Pemberantasan sembilan anggota keluarga atau pemberantasan sembilan kerabat (Hanzi sederhana: 株连九族; Hanzi tradisional: 株連九族; Pinyin: zhū lián jiǔ zú; harfiah: 'kesalahan dari sekumpulan sembilan orang dari sebuah kelompok/klan'; juga dikenal sebagai zú zhū (族誅), artinya "eksekusi keluarga" dan miè zú (灭族/滅族), artinya "pemberantasan keluarga" atau "eksekusi sembilan kerabat") adalah hukuman paling serius untuk sebuah hukuman mati di Tiongkok Kuno. Sebuah biasanya diasosiasikan dengan gugatan-gugatan seperti pengkhianatan, hukuman melibatkan eksekusi seluruh kerabat dari seseorang, yang diketegorikan dalam sembilan kelompok. (in)
  • 族誅(ぞくちゅう)は、封建時代の中国において、謀反など重罪を犯した者について、本人だけでなく一族についても処刑することである。 (ja)
  • 멸족(滅族)은 한 종족이 망하여 사라지는 일이다.족멸(族滅)이라고도 한다.어느 종족이 다른 종족과 섞여서 그 종족이 되어 사라지는 멸족과 어느 종족의 혈통이 완전히 끊겨서 사라지는 멸족이 있다.전자는 북중국에서 많았고 후자는 서인도제도에서 많았다. (ko)
  • 族誅是一種將受刑人連坐其族處以死刑,為古代东亚社會的刑罰之一。而族就是有血緣關係的親屬之合稱。此刑法亦針對以家庭為本位傳統社會,例如古時的中國。當其中一位家庭成員犯下通敵叛國、欺君犯上、密謀造反等滔天死罪時,當權者為免除後患、斬草除根就會對犯事者施行此嚴刑以鞏固自身政權。 而同屬儒家文化圈的朝鮮、日本和越南,亦曾使用這一種刑罰。而朝鮮制度中對「族」的定義與中國制度中的定義是幾近一樣。 在中國歷史中,族誅始於商朝。當時被稱為劓殄,乃族誅的初形,斬殺犯罪者及其後代之刑。秦朝时發展為誅三族、五族、七族。隋朝时被隋文帝廢除,但在隋煬帝復行並擴至誅九族。 (zh)
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