About: Nullification (U.S. Constitution)

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Nullification, in United States constitutional history, is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal laws which they deem unconstitutional with respect to the United States Constitution (as opposed to the state's own constitution). There are similar theories that any officer, jury, or individual may do the same. The theory of state nullification has never been legally upheld by federal courts, although jury nullification has.

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rdf:type	Thing work
rdfs:label	Nullification (U.S. Constitution) (en) Nullifikationsdoktrin (de) Teoria della nullificazione (it) Nullification (fr) 废止论 (zh)
rdfs:comment	La teoria della nullificazione, nella storia costituzionale degli Stati Uniti, è una teoria giuridica secondo cui uno Stato federato ha la capacità di interpretare la Costituzione degli Stati Uniti e il diritto di annullare o invalidare unilateralmente qualsiasi legge federale che tale Stato abbia ritenuto incostituzionale rispetto alla Costituzione. Nel corso della storia degli Stati Uniti d'America, la teoria è stata rigettata più volte, in più casi e sentenze, dalla magistratura federale e dalla magistratura degli stessi Stati federati. (it) John C. Calhoun formulierte die Nullifikationsdoktrin im Interesse der Südstaaten, die besagte, dass Einzelstaaten das Recht hätten, Bundesgesetze, die ihnen schädlich seien, nicht umzusetzen. Diese unter dem Titel Exposition and Protest von Calhoun im Jahr 1828 anonym veröffentlichte Schrift formulierte neben der Nullifikationstheorie einen scharfen Angriff auf die Zollgesetzgebung des Bundes. (de) Nullification, in United States constitutional history, is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal laws which they deem unconstitutional with respect to the United States Constitution (as opposed to the state's own constitution). There are similar theories that any officer, jury, or individual may do the same. The theory of state nullification has never been legally upheld by federal courts, although jury nullification has. (en) Dans l'histoire constitutionnelle des États-Unis, la nullification est une théorie juridique selon laquelle un État a le droit de nullifier, c'est-à-dire invalider, toute loi fédérale qu'il considère comme inconstitutionnelle. Entre 1798 et le début de la guerre de Sécession en 1861, plusieurs États ont menacé ou tenté de nullifier diverses lois fédérales. L'épisode le plus connu est la crise de la nullification, qui a duré de 1832 à 1833. (fr) 废止论（英語：Nullification）在美国宪政历史中，是一种州有权废止或使之作废州认为与联邦宪法（也与州宪法）相抵触的法律。废止论之理论从未被联邦法院于法律上被支持。废止论的理论基础在于一种观点，即各州基于互相之间的协议（或“契约”）而成为联邦，并且各州作为联邦政府的创建者，各州有权决定联邦政府的权力限制（范围）。按这样的契约论，各州而非联邦最高法院拥有关于联邦政府权力范围的最终解释权。按这种理论，各州于是可以决绝或废止那些各州认为超越宪法授权的联邦法律。干涉论相关的观点在于，当州认为联邦政府之立法违宪时，州有权利且有义务干涉并介入。托马斯·杰斐逊和詹姆斯·麦迪逊通过1789年的《肯塔基和弗吉尼亚决议》创制了废止论和干涉论。包括联邦最高法院在内的州法院和联邦法院，不断否决废止论。法院以《宪法》的“最高条款”判定，联邦法律高于州法律，并且根据《宪法》第三条，联邦法院拥有对《宪法》的最终解释权。因此，最终有权决定联邦法律的合宪性在于联邦法院，而非各州，各州并未拥有废止联邦法律的权力。在1950年代，南方各州曾尝试使用废止论和干涉论来阻止其学校进行（种族）整合。最高法院在 Cooper v. Aaron案中明示，各州无权废止联邦法律，因而南方各州遭遇失败。 (zh)
dcterms:subject	Legal history of the United States Anti-Federalism Nullification (U.S. Constitution) United States constitutional law
Wikipage page ID	13872629 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1117382043 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Prigg v. Pennsylvania Printz v. United States Alien and Sedition Acts John Rutledge Personal liberty laws United States United States Constitution De facto De jure Interposition Tariff of 1833 Cooper v. Aaron McCulloch v. Maryland Tariff of 1832 Cohens v. Virginia Elbridge Gerry Embargo Act of 1807 Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 George Mason George Nicholas (politician) Constitutionality Thomas Jefferson Thomas Woods Legal history of the United States Andrew Jackson Luther Martin Slavery in the United States Compact theory Federalist No. 22 Federalist No. 33 Federalist No. 39 Federalist No. 44 Federalist No. 78 Federalist No. 80 Federalist No. 82 Fugitive Slave Laws State constitution (United States) States' rights Supremacy Clause Brown v. Board of Education Trail of Tears Treaty of New Echota U.S. state War of 1812 Webster–Hayne debate Hartford Convention Jury nullification Preamble to the United States Constitution Ableman v. Booth American Civil War Daniel Webster Edmund Randolph Nullification Crisis Osborn v. Bank of the United States Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions United States federal courts Anti-Federalism James Madison The Federalist Papers Article III of the United States Constitution Nullification (U.S. Constitution) United States constitutional law Charles Pinckney (governor) Cherokee John C. Calhoun John Marshall Supreme Court of the United States Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Article Six of the United States Constitution Article Three of the United States Constitution Martin v. Hunter's Lessee South Carolina Exposition and Protest Tenth Amendment New York v. United States Second Bank of the United States Worcester v. Georgia Montana Firearms Freedom Act Marijuana Report of 1800 Proclamation to the People of South Carolina US Attorney General American Conservative

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