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The Odontoanserae is a proposed clade that includes the family Pelagornithidae (pseudo-toothed birds) and the clade Anserimorphae (the order Anseriformes and their stem-relatives). The placement of the pseudo-toothed birds in the evolutionary tree of birds has been problematic, with some supporting the placement of them near the orders Procellariformes and Pelecaniformes based on features in the sternum. Below is the general consensus of the phylogeny.

AttributesValues
rdfs:label
  • Odontoanserae (it)
  • Odontoanserae (en)
  • Odontoanserae (pt)
  • 齿雁类 (zh)
  • Odontoanserae (uk)
rdfs:comment
  • Odontoanserae é um clado que contém aves das ordens e Anseriformes. É um grupo irmão das Neoaves. (pt)
  • The Odontoanserae is a proposed clade that includes the family Pelagornithidae (pseudo-toothed birds) and the clade Anserimorphae (the order Anseriformes and their stem-relatives). The placement of the pseudo-toothed birds in the evolutionary tree of birds has been problematic, with some supporting the placement of them near the orders Procellariformes and Pelecaniformes based on features in the sternum. Below is the general consensus of the phylogeny. (en)
  • Odontoanserae è un clade proposto che comprende la famiglia Pelagornithidae (uccelli pseudo-dentati) e il clade Anserimorphae (l'ordine Anseriformes e i loro parenti e affini). Il posizionamento degli uccelli pseudo-dentati all'interno dell'albero evolutivo degli uccelli fu piuttosto problematico, con alcuni studiosi che li accostavano vicino agli ordini Procellariformes e Pelecaniformes basandosi sulle caratteristiche dello sterno. Di seguito è riportato il consenso generale sulla filogenesi: (it)
  • Odontoanserae — запропонована клада, яка включає родину Pelagornithidae (псевдозубі птахи) і кладу Anserimorphae (ряд Anseriformes та їхні родичі по стеблу). Розміщення псевдозубих птахів в еволюційному дереві птахів було проблематичним, дехто підтримував розміщення їх поруч із рядами Procellariformes і Pelecaniformes на основі особливостей грудної кістки. Нижче наведено загальний консенсус філогенезу: (uk)
foaf:depiction
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cayley_Anseranas_semipalmata_white_background.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Greylag_flipped.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Palamedra_cornuta_white_background.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Goosander_looking_up.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pelagornis_chilensis_EF.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pelagornis_mauretanicus.jpg
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Wikipage page ID
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authority
  • Bourdon, 2005 (en)
fossil range
  • Late Cretaceous-Holocene, (en)
image
  • Goosander looking up.jpg (en)
subdivision
  • * †Odontopterygiformes * Anserimorphae (en)
  • (Sibley & Ahlquist, 1988) ** †Gastornithiformes ** †Vegaviiformes? ** Anseriformes sensu lato *** †Conflicto *** †Anatalavis *** †Presbyornithidae *** Anseriformes sensu stricto (en)
subdivision ranks
  • Subgroups (en)
taxon
  • Odontoanserae (en)
has abstract
  • The Odontoanserae is a proposed clade that includes the family Pelagornithidae (pseudo-toothed birds) and the clade Anserimorphae (the order Anseriformes and their stem-relatives). The placement of the pseudo-toothed birds in the evolutionary tree of birds has been problematic, with some supporting the placement of them near the orders Procellariformes and Pelecaniformes based on features in the sternum. In 2005 a cladistic analysis had found support in placing pseudo-toothed birds as the sister group to waterfowl. Evidence for this comes from shared characteristics in the skull such as lack of a crest on the underside of the palatine bone and two condyles on the mandibular process of the quadrate bone, with the middle condyle beakwards of the side condyle. In addition to that, both groups have similar features in their pelvic and pectoral regions. Furthermore, a 2013 study on the growth pattern and structure of the pseudoteeth in Pelagornis mauretanicus shows more support of Odontoanserae as both groups have "soft rhamphotheca, or delayed hardening of the rhamphotheca." In addition to Pelagornithidae and Anseriformes paleontologists also have support in placing mihirungs (Dromornithidae) and Gastornithids into this group, as they too also share anatomical features in the skull and pelvic bones with waterfowl. The mihirungs and the gastornithids are more derived than the pseudo-tooth birds and are closer to Anseriformes. One hypothesis is that diatrymas and mihirungs are successive sister groups to anseriforms and another hypothesis places mihirungs as crown anseriforms closely related to the screamers (Anhimidae). Below is the general consensus of the phylogeny. However, a 2017 paper by Worthy and colleagues found an alternative phylogeny concerning Anserimorphae. By adding additional new characters, as well as incorporating several new taxa into established matrices, the authors have found gastornithids and mihirungs to be sister taxa which could be placed in the order Gastornithiformes. In addition, they have found support that the family Vegaviidae (usually classified as crown anseriforms or their sister taxon) are more related to gastornithiforms than to anseriforms; accordingly, they have created the monotypic order Vegaviiformes. The authors did note the bootstrap support is weakly supported and several alternative phylogenies in their paper found gastornithiforms to be stem galliforms instead. These too were weakly supported as well. Below is a simplified phylogeny showing their one phylogeny supporting gastornithiforms as anserimorphs. In 2019 a new species Conflicto antarcticus was described from Early Paleocene deposits in Antarctica. Known completely from associated bones from a single individual, Tambussi et al. (2019) incorporated the new taxon into a phylogenetic analysis using the matrix data from Worthy et al. (2017). Their results not only supported the sister grouping of vegaviids with gastornithids and mihirungs (which included Vegaviidae into Gastornithiformes), but also found two taxa, Anatalavis rex and the tall, wading presbyornithids, traditionally placed as part of the anseriform crown, to be stem-anseriforms. Below is the Tambussi et al. (2019) phylogeny. (en)
  • Odontoanserae è un clade proposto che comprende la famiglia Pelagornithidae (uccelli pseudo-dentati) e il clade Anserimorphae (l'ordine Anseriformes e i loro parenti e affini). Il posizionamento degli uccelli pseudo-dentati all'interno dell'albero evolutivo degli uccelli fu piuttosto problematico, con alcuni studiosi che li accostavano vicino agli ordini Procellariformes e Pelecaniformes basandosi sulle caratteristiche dello sterno. Nel 2005, un'analisi cladistica aveva trovato supporto nel collocare gli uccelli pseudo-dentati come sister group degli uccelli acquatici. La prova di ciò proviene da caratteristiche condivise nel cranio, come la mancanza di una cresta sul lato inferiore dell'osso palatino e due condili sul processo mandibolare del quadrato osseo, con il condilo centrale a becco del condilo laterale. In aggiunta a ciò entrambi i gruppi hanno caratteristiche simili nelle loro regioni pelviche e pettorali. Inoltre uno studio del 2013 sul modello di crescita e la struttura degli pseudo-denti in Pelagornis mauretanicus mostra un maggiore supporto di Odontoanserae in quanto entrambi i gruppi hanno una "rhamphotheca morbida, o ad indurimento ritardato". Oltre a Pelagornithidae e Anseriformes, i paleontologi hanno sono stati in grado di collocare anche i Dromornithidae e i Gastornithidae in questo gruppo, poiché anch'essi condividono le caratteristiche anatomiche del cranio e delle ossa pelviche con questi uccelli acquatici. I dromornithidi ed i gastornithidi sono più derivati degli uccelli pseudo-dentati e sono più vicini ad Anseriformes. Un'ipotesi è che gastornithidi e dromornithidi siano sister group consecutivi degli anseriformi, mentre un'altra ipotesi colloca i dromornithidi come anseriformi corona strettamente imparentati con gli animidi (Anhimidae). Di seguito è riportato il consenso generale sulla filogenesi: Tuttavia, un documento del 2017 di Worthy e colleghi ha trovato una filogenesi alternativa riguardo ad Anserimorphae. Aggiungendo nuovi caratteri addizionali, oltre a incorporare diversi nuovi taxa in matrici stabilite, gli autori hanno trovato gastornithidi e dromornithidi come sister taxa e potrebbero essere collocati nell'ordine Gastornithiformes. Inoltre hanno trovato sostegno che la famiglia Vegaviidae (solitamente classificata come anseriformi corona o il loro sister taxon) sono più legati ai gastornitiformi che agli anseriformi (che hanno creato l'ordine monotipico Vegaviiformes). Gli autori hanno notato che il supporto del bootstrap è debolmente supportato e diverse filogenesi alternative nella loro carta hanno trovato invece gastornitiformi come galliformi derivati. Di seguito è riportata una filogenesi semplificata che mostra la loro filogenesi che supporta i gastornitiformi come anserimorfi: Nel 2019, venne descritto nuovo genere, Conflicto, dai depositi del Paleocene inferiore in Antartide. Conosciuto quasi completamente da ossa associate di un singolo individuo, Tambussi et al. (2019) hanno incorporato il nuovo taxon in un'analisi filogenetica utilizzando i dati della matrice di Worthy et al. (2017). I loro risultati non solo hanno sostenuto il sister group tra vegaviidi e gastornithidi e dromornithidi (che includeva Vegaviidae in Gastornithiformes), ma vi hanno inoltre aggiunto anche altri due taxa: la specie Anatalavis rex, e la famiglia Presbyornithidae, tradizionalmente collocati come parte della corona anseriforme, dimostrando di essere anseriformi derivati. Di seguito è riportato il cladogramma della filogenesi di Tambussi et al. (2019): (it)
  • Odontoanserae é um clado que contém aves das ordens e Anseriformes. É um grupo irmão das Neoaves. (pt)
  • Odontoanserae — запропонована клада, яка включає родину Pelagornithidae (псевдозубі птахи) і кладу Anserimorphae (ряд Anseriformes та їхні родичі по стеблу). Розміщення псевдозубих птахів в еволюційному дереві птахів було проблематичним, дехто підтримував розміщення їх поруч із рядами Procellariformes і Pelecaniformes на основі особливостей грудної кістки. У 2005 році кладистичний аналіз знайшов підтримку в тому, що псевдозубі птахи є сестринською групою водоплавних птахів. Доказом цього є загальні характеристики черепа, такі як відсутність гребеня на нижній стороні піднебінної кістки та двох виростків на нижньощелепному відростку квадратної кістки, причому середній виросток знаходиться в стороні від бічного виростка. Крім того, обидві групи мають схожі особливості в області тазу та грудей. На додаток до Pelagornithidae і Anseriformes палеонтологи також підтримують розміщення Dromornithidae і Gastornithidas до цієї групи, оскільки вони також мають спільні анатомічні особливості в черепі та тазових кістках з водоплавними птахами. Нижче наведено загальний консенсус філогенезу: (uk)
image2 caption
  • The skull of Pelagornis mauretanicus and the head of common merganser showing the serrated edge common in this group (en)
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