About: Oxhide ingot

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Oxhide ingots are heavy (20-30 kg) metal slabs, usually of copper but sometimes of tin, produced and widely distributed during the Mediterranean Late Bronze Age (LBA). Their shape resembles the hide of an ox with a protruding handle in each of the ingot’s four corners. Early thought was that each ingot was equivalent to the value of one ox. However, the similarity in shape is simply a coincidence. The ingots' producers probably designed these protrusions to make the ingots easily transportable overland on the backs of pack animals. Complete or partial oxhide ingots have been discovered in Sardinia, Crete, Peloponnese, Cyprus, Cannatello in Sicily, Boğazköy in Turkey (ancient Hattusa, the Hittite capital), Qantir in Egypt (ancient Pi-Ramesses), and Sozopol in Bulgaria. Archaeologists have r

Attributes	Values
rdfs:label	صبة جلد الثور (ar) Ochsenhautbarren (de) Lingot à peau de bœuf (fr) Lingotto a pelle di bue (it) Oxhide ingot (en) Lingote couro de boi (pt)
rdfs:comment	Il lingotto a pelle di bue (o lingotto ox-hide) è una lastra metallica, solitamente in rame o in alcuni casi in stagno, prodotta e ampiamente diffusa nel Mediterraneo durante la tarda età del bronzo. La loro forma ricorda appunto quella di una pelle di bue con delle protuberanze nei quattro angoli che servivano come impugnatura per il trasporto a mano. Lingotti a pelle di bue completi o frammentati sono stati rinvenuti in Sardegna, a Cannatello in Sicilia, in Corsica a Borgo, Creta, Peloponneso, Cipro, Boğazköy (antica Ḫattuša), Egitto e Bulgaria. Gli archeologi hanno rinvenuto numerosi lingotti a pelle di bue anche nel famoso relitto di Uluburun, lungo le coste della Turchia. (it) صبات جلد الثور (في أغلب المنشورات القديمة تسمى صبات كفتيو )؛ هو المصطلح المستخدم في علم المعادن الأثري لصبات كبيرة معدة للتجارة لمسافات طويلة خلال العصر البرونزي المتأخر في شرق البحر المتوسط (بين 1600 و 1000 قبل الميلاد.) والتي كانت تعتبر أيضًا وسيلة دفع قبل النقد (عملة بدائية) وكانت في الغالب مصنوعًا من النحاس الخام، ونادرًا ما تكون مصنوعة من البرونز. استخدمت صبات النحاس المصنوعة على شكل جلود الأبقار الممتدة على نطاق واسع كسلعة. الصبات القديمة مصنوعة من النحاس النقي تقريبًا وتزن 20-40 كجم، العديد منها بين 29 و 30 كجم، مما أدى إلى افتراض أنها تتوافق مع تالنت سابقة في بحر إيجة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، هناك صبات جلد الثور مصنوعة من القصدير. (ar) Als Ochsenhautbarren (in zumeist älteren Publikationen auch Keftiubarren; englisch Oxhide ingots) bezeichnet die Archäometallurgie eine für den weiträumigen Fernhandel während der ostmediterranen Spätbronzezeit (zwischen 1600 und 1000 v. Chr.) geschaffene Großbarrenform, die auch als vormonetäres Zahlungsmittel (Primitivgeld) galt und meist aus Rohkupfer, selten aus Bronze hergestellt wurde. Die Kupferbarren in der Umrissform gespannter Rinderhäute waren als Handelsgut weit verbreitet. Die antiken Barren bestehen aus fast reinem Kupfer und wiegen 20–40 kg, viele davon zwischen 29 und 30 kg, was zu Vermutungen führte, sie entsprächen einem damaligen ägäischen Talent. Daneben gibt es auch Ochsenhautbarren aus Zinn. (de) Le Lingot à peau de bœuf est une plaque métallique, généralement en cuivre, mais parfois en étain, largement produite et distribuée dans le bassin méditerranéen vers la fin de l'Âge du bronze. Sa forme ressemble à une peau de bœuf avec une poignée saillante à chacun des quatre coins. Au départ certains supposaient que la valeur de chaque lingot était équivalente à celle d'un bœuf. La similitude de forme est probablement une coïncidence, les producteurs des lingots ayant conçu ces saillies aux coins afin de les rendre facilement transportables par voie terrestre sur le dos d'animaux de bât. (fr) Oxhide ingots are heavy (20-30 kg) metal slabs, usually of copper but sometimes of tin, produced and widely distributed during the Mediterranean Late Bronze Age (LBA). Their shape resembles the hide of an ox with a protruding handle in each of the ingot’s four corners. Early thought was that each ingot was equivalent to the value of one ox. However, the similarity in shape is simply a coincidence. The ingots' producers probably designed these protrusions to make the ingots easily transportable overland on the backs of pack animals. Complete or partial oxhide ingots have been discovered in Sardinia, Crete, Peloponnese, Cyprus, Cannatello in Sicily, Boğazköy in Turkey (ancient Hattusa, the Hittite capital), Qantir in Egypt (ancient Pi-Ramesses), and Sozopol in Bulgaria. Archaeologists have r (en) Lingotes couro de boi são placas de metal, geralmente de cobre mas às vezes de estanho, produzidas e distribuídas durante a Idade do Bronze Recente do mar Mediterrâneo. Sua forma se assemelha a pele de um boi com uma alça saliente em cada um dos quatro cantos do lingote. Os produtores de lingotes provavelmente concebiam estas saliências para fazer os lingotes facilmente transportáveis nas costas dos animais de carga. (pt)
foaf:depiction
dcterms:subject	History of metallurgy Bronze Age Bronze Age Europe Archaeological artefact types
Wikipage page ID	20207047 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1092163469 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Canaan Provenance Sardinia Minoan chronology Molding (process) History of metallurgy Hittites Peloponnese Uluburun shipwreck Ingot Limestone Bronze Age Crete Bronze Age Europe Egypt Enkomi Geography of Cyprus Minoan civilization Mycenae Copper Corrosion Lost-wax casting Sicily Dendrochronology Pack animal British Museum Bulgaria Central Asia Tin Turkey Afghanistan Amenhotep II Amarna letters Numismatic Museum of Athens Paleozoic Cape Gelidonya Caphtor Isotope Mycenaean Greece Hattusa Heraklion Archaeological Museum Iran Zakros Archaeological artefact types Chariot Alashiya Karnak Syria Effervescence (chemistry) Trace element Pi-Ramesses Sozopol Radiocarbon dating Ras Ibn Hani Slag Smelting Experimental archaeology Late Bronze Age Retjenu Mediterranean
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx%3FobjectId=400144&partId=1 https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx%3Fobjectid=400144&partid=1&searchText=oxhide+ingot&fromADBC=ad&toADBC=ad&numpages=10&orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx&currentPage=1 https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx%3Fobjectid=464315&partid=1&searchText=ingot+stand&fromADBC=ad&toADBC=ad&numpages=10&orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx&currentPage=1
sameAs	Oxhide ingot Oxhide ingot Oxhide ingot Oxhide ingot Oxhide ingot Oxhide ingot Oxhide ingot Oxhide ingot Oxhide ingot
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thumbnail	wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Oxhide_ingots_at_the_Numismatic_Museum,_Athens.jpg?width=300

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