The PICO process (or framework) is a mnemonic used in evidence-based practice (and specifically evidence-based medicine) to frame and answer a clinical or health care related question, though it is also argued that PICO "can be used universally for every scientific endeavour in any discipline with all study designs". The PICO framework is also used to develop literature search strategies, for instance in systematic reviews. The PICO acronym has come to stand for: Alternatives such as SPICE and PECO (among many others) can also be used. Some authors suggest adding T and S, as follows:
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| - PICO (de)
- Modello PICO (it)
- Méthode PICO (fr)
- PICO process (en)
- 前景問題格式 (zh)
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| - PICO bezeichnet ein häufig verwendetes Hilfsschema der evidenzbasierten Medizin zur Formulierung einer recherchierbaren Fragestellung im Gesundheitswesen. Es wurde von der McMaster University in Chicago (USA) entwickelt. (de)
- La méthode PICO est une approche utilisée, dans la pratique fondée sur les preuves, pour formuler clairement une question clinique (médecine fondée sur les faits) ou de recherche documentaire (par exemple pour une revue systématique). (fr)
- 前景問題格式（英語：The PICO process），或稱PICO框架，是實證應用的記憶法，特別常用於實證醫學，用來建構並回答臨床或健康照護相關問題。PICO框架也用於發展文獻搜尋策略，例如系統性回顧。PICO係為下列四個英語單字的縮寫，依序說明如下，
* P（英語：Patient）：病人、臨床問題、患者族群
* I（英語：Intervention）：介入措施
* C（英語：Comparison）：比較、對照組或控制組
* O（英語：Outcomes）：臨床結果，如疼痛、疲累、噁心、感染、死亡 PICO框架也涵蓋各種臨床問題的處置、風險暴露、風險／預後因子及診斷準確度，包含以下，
* P（英語：Patient）：患者背景、臨床問題或目標族群
* I（英語：Intervention）：研究處置，例如介入措施、暴露、風險／預後因子或檢驗結果
* C（英語：Comparison）：比較處置，例如介入措施、暴露、風險／預後因子或檢驗結果
* O（英語：Outcomes）：臨床結果，例如症狀、症候群或目標疾病 這個框架也有其他呈現的方式，像是SPICE、PECO。有些建議加入T和S，說明如下，
* T（英語：Timing）：時間，介入措施實施的療程長短或文獻發表的日期
* S（英語：Study type）：研究方法類型，如隨機對照試驗、世代研究等 (zh)
- The PICO process (or framework) is a mnemonic used in evidence-based practice (and specifically evidence-based medicine) to frame and answer a clinical or health care related question, though it is also argued that PICO "can be used universally for every scientific endeavour in any discipline with all study designs". The PICO framework is also used to develop literature search strategies, for instance in systematic reviews. The PICO acronym has come to stand for: Alternatives such as SPICE and PECO (among many others) can also be used. Some authors suggest adding T and S, as follows: (en)
- Il Modello PICO è un metodo utilizzato nella pratica basata sulle evidenze per formulare in maniera strutturata un quesito sanitario specifico (foreground question) da parte di professionisti. Viene applicato nei test di ricerca clinici e per le strategie di ricerca epidemiologica, eziologica, diagnostica, prognostica e terapeutica in banche dati professionali quali, ad esempio, PubMed o Cochrane library. Il metodo pone in relazione quattro elementi sintetizzati, appunto dall'acronimo P.I.C.O.: (it)
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| - PICO bezeichnet ein häufig verwendetes Hilfsschema der evidenzbasierten Medizin zur Formulierung einer recherchierbaren Fragestellung im Gesundheitswesen. Es wurde von der McMaster University in Chicago (USA) entwickelt. (de)
- La méthode PICO est une approche utilisée, dans la pratique fondée sur les preuves, pour formuler clairement une question clinique (médecine fondée sur les faits) ou de recherche documentaire (par exemple pour une revue systématique). (fr)
- The PICO process (or framework) is a mnemonic used in evidence-based practice (and specifically evidence-based medicine) to frame and answer a clinical or health care related question, though it is also argued that PICO "can be used universally for every scientific endeavour in any discipline with all study designs". The PICO framework is also used to develop literature search strategies, for instance in systematic reviews. The PICO acronym has come to stand for:
* P – Patient, problem or population
* I – Intervention
* C – Comparison, control or comparator
* O – Outcome(s) (e.g. pain, fatigue, nausea, infections, death) An application that covers clinical questions about interventions, as well as exposures, risk/ prognostic factors, and test accuracy, is:
* P – Patient, problem or population
* I – Investigated condition (e.g. intervention, exposure, risk/ prognostic factor, or test result)
* C – Comparison condition (e.g. intervention, exposure, risk/ prognostic factor, or test result respectively)
* O – Outcome(s) (e.g. symptom, syndrome, or disease of interest) Alternatives such as SPICE and PECO (among many others) can also be used. Some authors suggest adding T and S, as follows:
* T - Timing (e.g. duration of intervention, or date of publication)
* S - Study type (e.g. randomized controlled trial, cohort study, etc.) (en)
- Il Modello PICO è un metodo utilizzato nella pratica basata sulle evidenze per formulare in maniera strutturata un quesito sanitario specifico (foreground question) da parte di professionisti. Viene applicato nei test di ricerca clinici e per le strategie di ricerca epidemiologica, eziologica, diagnostica, prognostica e terapeutica in banche dati professionali quali, ad esempio, PubMed o Cochrane library. Il metodo pone in relazione quattro elementi sintetizzati, appunto dall'acronimo P.I.C.O.:
* P - problem/patient/population (problema/ paziente/popolazione)
* I - intervention (intervento)
* C - comparison/control (confronto/controllo)
* O - outcome (esito) Ne risulta un quesito posto come:«L'evento I di una popolazione P come è relazionato all'evento O rispetto all'elemento C?» Un esempio di applicazione di tale metodo può essere: «Il fumo di sigaretta negli uomini di età superiore a 50 anni è legato ad una maggior incidenza di infarto cardiaco rispetto al fumo di sigaro?» (it)
- 前景問題格式（英語：The PICO process），或稱PICO框架，是實證應用的記憶法，特別常用於實證醫學，用來建構並回答臨床或健康照護相關問題。PICO框架也用於發展文獻搜尋策略，例如系統性回顧。PICO係為下列四個英語單字的縮寫，依序說明如下，
* P（英語：Patient）：病人、臨床問題、患者族群
* I（英語：Intervention）：介入措施
* C（英語：Comparison）：比較、對照組或控制組
* O（英語：Outcomes）：臨床結果，如疼痛、疲累、噁心、感染、死亡 PICO框架也涵蓋各種臨床問題的處置、風險暴露、風險／預後因子及診斷準確度，包含以下，
* P（英語：Patient）：患者背景、臨床問題或目標族群
* I（英語：Intervention）：研究處置，例如介入措施、暴露、風險／預後因子或檢驗結果
* C（英語：Comparison）：比較處置，例如介入措施、暴露、風險／預後因子或檢驗結果
* O（英語：Outcomes）：臨床結果，例如症狀、症候群或目標疾病 這個框架也有其他呈現的方式，像是SPICE、PECO。有些建議加入T和S，說明如下，
* T（英語：Timing）：時間，介入措施實施的療程長短或文獻發表的日期
* S（英語：Study type）：研究方法類型，如隨機對照試驗、世代研究等 (zh)
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