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Photophoresis denotes the phenomenon that small particles suspended in gas (aerosols) or liquids (hydrocolloids) start to migrate when illuminated by a sufficiently intense beam of light. The existence of this phenomenon is owed to a non-uniform distribution of temperature of an illuminated particle in a fluid medium. Separately from photophoresis, in a fluid mixture of different kinds of particles, the migration of some kinds of particles may be due to differences in their absorptions of thermal radiation and other thermal effects collectively known as thermophoresis. In laser photophoresis, particles migrate once they have a refractive index different from their surrounding medium. The migration of particles is usually possible when the laser is slightly or not focused. A particle with a

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  • Fotoforesi (it)
  • Photophoresis (en)
  • Fotoforese (nl)
  • Фотофорез (uk)
  • 光泳 (zh)
rdfs:comment
  • Фотофорез (англ. photophoresis) — рух аерозольних частинок під впливом світла. Може бути специфічним випадком , що відбувається внаслідок нагрівання частинок світлом. Відкриття фотофорезу традиційно приписують Феліксу Іграйнгафту (нім. Felix Ehrenhaft), хоча ранні спостереження зробили були інші, зокрема француз Огюстен Жан Френель. (uk)
  • 光泳(英語:Photophoresis)是指懸浮在氣體(氣溶膠)或液體(氣溶膠)中的小粒子,當被足夠強度的光照射時,會開始往遠離光源的方式移動的現象。光泳的原因是因為在流體中的小粒子,受光照射後出現不均勻溫度分佈所造成。 (zh)
  • Photophoresis denotes the phenomenon that small particles suspended in gas (aerosols) or liquids (hydrocolloids) start to migrate when illuminated by a sufficiently intense beam of light. The existence of this phenomenon is owed to a non-uniform distribution of temperature of an illuminated particle in a fluid medium. Separately from photophoresis, in a fluid mixture of different kinds of particles, the migration of some kinds of particles may be due to differences in their absorptions of thermal radiation and other thermal effects collectively known as thermophoresis. In laser photophoresis, particles migrate once they have a refractive index different from their surrounding medium. The migration of particles is usually possible when the laser is slightly or not focused. A particle with a (en)
  • Per fotoforesi si intende il fenomeno per il quale piccole particelle sospese in gas (aerosol) o liquidi (idrocolloidi) iniziano a muoversi quando vengono illuminate da un fascio di luce sufficientemente intenso. L'esistenza di questo fenomeno è dovuta ad una distribuzione non uniforme della temperatura di una particella illuminata in un fluido. Indipendentemente dalla fotoforesi, in una miscela fluida di diversi tipi di particelle, la migrazione di alcuni tipi di particelle può essere dovuta a differenze nel loro assorbimento della radiazione termica e di altri effetti termici collettivamente noti come termoforesi. Nella fotoforesi laser, le particelle migrano non appena hanno un indice di rifrazione diverso dal mezzo circostante. La migrazione delle particelle è di solito possibile quand (it)
  • Fotoforese is een natuurkundig verschijnsel dat ontdekt is door in de jaren 1920, waarbij deeltjes beginnen te migreren nadat ze door een sterke lichtstraal geraakt worden. Het verschijnsel werd al waargenomen door Augustin Jean Fresnel. Het wordt veroorzaakt doordat een deeltje niet gelijkmatig verwarmd wordt. Het wordt toegepast in zowel de fysica, de chemie als de biologie. (nl)
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  • Photophoresis denotes the phenomenon that small particles suspended in gas (aerosols) or liquids (hydrocolloids) start to migrate when illuminated by a sufficiently intense beam of light. The existence of this phenomenon is owed to a non-uniform distribution of temperature of an illuminated particle in a fluid medium. Separately from photophoresis, in a fluid mixture of different kinds of particles, the migration of some kinds of particles may be due to differences in their absorptions of thermal radiation and other thermal effects collectively known as thermophoresis. In laser photophoresis, particles migrate once they have a refractive index different from their surrounding medium. The migration of particles is usually possible when the laser is slightly or not focused. A particle with a higher refractive index compared to its surrounding molecule moves away from the light source due to momentum transfer from absorbed and scattered light photons. This is referred to as a radiation pressure force. This force depends on light intensity and particle size but has nothing to do with the surrounding medium. Just like in Crookes radiometer, light can heat up one side and gas molecules bounce from that surface with greater velocity, hence push the particle to the other side. Under certain conditions, with particles of diameter comparable to the wavelength of light, the phenomenon of a negative indirect photophoresis occurs, due to the unequal heat generation on the laser irradiation between the back and front sides of particles, this produces a temperature gradient in the medium around the particle such that molecules at the far side of the particle from the light source may get to heat up more, causing the particle to move towards the light source. If the suspended particle is rotating, it will also experience the Yarkovsky effect. Discovery of photophoresis is usually attributed to Felix Ehrenhaft in the 1920s, though earlier observations were made by others including Augustin-Jean Fresnel. (en)
  • Fotoforese is een natuurkundig verschijnsel dat ontdekt is door in de jaren 1920, waarbij deeltjes beginnen te migreren nadat ze door een sterke lichtstraal geraakt worden. Het verschijnsel werd al waargenomen door Augustin Jean Fresnel. Het wordt veroorzaakt doordat een deeltje niet gelijkmatig verwarmd wordt. Het wordt toegepast in zowel de fysica, de chemie als de biologie. Een voorbeeld van een sterke lichtbron is een laser. Als een laser niet gefocust is, zullen bepaalde deeltjes anders verwarmd worden dan de deeltjes eromheen. Dit leidt tot onregelmatige opwarming en aldus tot fotoforese.Een deeltje migreert weg van een lichtbron als zijn brekingsindex groter is dan die van de omringende deeltjes. Dit komt doordat die kant van het deeltje warmer wordt en aldus gasdeeltjes die er tegen botsen, sneller zullen botsen dan tegen de koudere kant waardoor er meer momentum van de gasdeeltjes langs die kant wordt doorgegeven. Dit fenomeen doet zich niet voor in een vacuüm daar de deeltjes zich dan nergens kunnen tegen afzetten. (nl)
  • Per fotoforesi si intende il fenomeno per il quale piccole particelle sospese in gas (aerosol) o liquidi (idrocolloidi) iniziano a muoversi quando vengono illuminate da un fascio di luce sufficientemente intenso. L'esistenza di questo fenomeno è dovuta ad una distribuzione non uniforme della temperatura di una particella illuminata in un fluido. Indipendentemente dalla fotoforesi, in una miscela fluida di diversi tipi di particelle, la migrazione di alcuni tipi di particelle può essere dovuta a differenze nel loro assorbimento della radiazione termica e di altri effetti termici collettivamente noti come termoforesi. Nella fotoforesi laser, le particelle migrano non appena hanno un indice di rifrazione diverso dal mezzo circostante. La migrazione delle particelle è di solito possibile quando il laser è poco o per nulla focalizzato. Una particella con un indice di rifrazione più elevato rispetto alla molecola circostante si allontana dalla sorgente luminosa a causa del trasferimento di quantità di moto dai fotoni di luce assorbita e diffusa. Questa è chiamata forza della pressione di radiazione. Questa forza dipende dall'intensità della luce e dalle dimensioni delle particelle, ma non ha nulla a che fare con il mezzo circostante. Proprio come nel radiometro di Crookes, la luce può riscaldare da un lato e le molecole di gas rimbalzano da quella superficie con maggiore velocità, quindi spingere la particella verso l'altro lato. In determinate condizioni, con particelle di diametro paragonabile alla lunghezza d'onda della luce, si verifica il fenomeno di una fotoforesi indiretta negativa, a causa della diversa generazione di calore sull'irradiazione laser tra la parte posteriore e anteriore delle particelle, questo produce un gradiente di temperatura nel mezzo intorno alla particella tale che le molecole sul lato più lontano della particella dalla sorgente luminosa possono arrivare a riscaldarsi maggiormente, provocando il movimento della particella verso la sorgente luminosa. Se la particella sospesa sta ruotando, subirà anche l'effetto Yarkovsky. La scoperta della fotoforesi è solitamente attribuita a Felix Ehrenhaft negli anni '20, anche se osservazioni precedenti sono state fatte da altri, tra cui Augustin-Jean Fresnel. (it)
  • Фотофорез (англ. photophoresis) — рух аерозольних частинок під впливом світла. Може бути специфічним випадком , що відбувається внаслідок нагрівання частинок світлом. Відкриття фотофорезу традиційно приписують Феліксу Іграйнгафту (нім. Felix Ehrenhaft), хоча ранні спостереження зробили були інші, зокрема француз Огюстен Жан Френель. (uk)
  • 光泳(英語:Photophoresis)是指懸浮在氣體(氣溶膠)或液體(氣溶膠)中的小粒子,當被足夠強度的光照射時,會開始往遠離光源的方式移動的現象。光泳的原因是因為在流體中的小粒子,受光照射後出現不均勻溫度分佈所造成。 (zh)
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