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Phragmosis is any method by which an animal defends itself in its burrow, by using its own body as a barrier. This term was originally coined by W.M. Wheeler (1927), while describing the defensive technique exhibited by insects. Wheeler observed the positioning of specially modified body structures to block nest entrances, as exhibited in various insect species. The term phragmosis has since been further extended beyond just insects.

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  • Fragmosis (es)
  • Phragmose (fr)
  • Phragmosis (en)
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  • La fragmosis, del griego clásico φραγμός, cerca, valla o barricada. Es una adaptación que poseen algunos animales que viven en huecos o madrigueras, donde utilizan una parte de su cuerpo (generalmente la cabeza o el extremo posterior del cuerpo) como una barrera. El término fue propuesto en 1927 por el entomólogo estadounidense William Morton Wheeler.​La fragmosis se puede observar en distintas especies de animales, por ejemplo en diversas especies de hormigas como Colobopsis etiolata, en las larvas de los escarabajos del género Cicindela, en las arañas del género Cyclocosmia, en anelidos del la familia Maldanidae o en anuros como Aparasphenodon arapapa, Osteopilus crucialis, Peltophryne empusa, Smilisca fodiens, Corythomantis greeningi y Triprion petasatus,​​​ (es)
  • La phragmose, aussi appelée contextuellement comportement phragmotique, consiste chez un soldat termite ainsi que chez certaines espèces de fourmis (notamment Cephalotes) à boucher une galerie avec son énorme tête pour faire barrage à des prédateurs carnivores, notamment les fourmis du genre Dorylus, friandes de termites. Le terme phragmose ne doit pas être confondu avec celui de qui, dans le règne végétal, signifie la formation de vésicules préparant la mitose dans une tige ou une branche. (fr)
  • Phragmosis is any method by which an animal defends itself in its burrow, by using its own body as a barrier. This term was originally coined by W.M. Wheeler (1927), while describing the defensive technique exhibited by insects. Wheeler observed the positioning of specially modified body structures to block nest entrances, as exhibited in various insect species. The term phragmosis has since been further extended beyond just insects. (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Meat_eater_ant_qeen_excavating_hole02.jpg
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  • La fragmosis, del griego clásico φραγμός, cerca, valla o barricada. Es una adaptación que poseen algunos animales que viven en huecos o madrigueras, donde utilizan una parte de su cuerpo (generalmente la cabeza o el extremo posterior del cuerpo) como una barrera. El término fue propuesto en 1927 por el entomólogo estadounidense William Morton Wheeler.​La fragmosis se puede observar en distintas especies de animales, por ejemplo en diversas especies de hormigas como Colobopsis etiolata, en las larvas de los escarabajos del género Cicindela, en las arañas del género Cyclocosmia, en anelidos del la familia Maldanidae o en anuros como Aparasphenodon arapapa, Osteopilus crucialis, Peltophryne empusa, Smilisca fodiens, Corythomantis greeningi y Triprion petasatus,​​​ (es)
  • La phragmose, aussi appelée contextuellement comportement phragmotique, consiste chez un soldat termite ainsi que chez certaines espèces de fourmis (notamment Cephalotes) à boucher une galerie avec son énorme tête pour faire barrage à des prédateurs carnivores, notamment les fourmis du genre Dorylus, friandes de termites. Le terme phragmose ne doit pas être confondu avec celui de qui, dans le règne végétal, signifie la formation de vésicules préparant la mitose dans une tige ou une branche. (fr)
  • Phragmosis is any method by which an animal defends itself in its burrow, by using its own body as a barrier. This term was originally coined by W.M. Wheeler (1927), while describing the defensive technique exhibited by insects. Wheeler observed the positioning of specially modified body structures to block nest entrances, as exhibited in various insect species. The term phragmosis has since been further extended beyond just insects. Examples of phragmosis are found in the order Anura (frogs and toads). Some species, such as Pternohyla fodiens and Corythomantis greeningi, have evolved a peculiarly casqued head adapted to protect the animal as it backs down a hole. Another example is the head-plug defense used by the aphid Astegopteryx sp., in which a banana-bunch shaped gall consisting of several subgalls is used as a barrier. Arguably, the most commonly observed phragmotic behaviour is within the ant family. The behaviour is displayed in numerous taxa such as Camponotus, Colobostruma, Crematogaster, Pheidole, Blepharidatta, Cephalotes pusillus, Carebara elmenteitae, Stenamma expolitum, in which the soldiers have unusually large, disc-shaped heads, which are used to block nest entrances against intruders. (en)
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