Phytophaga is a clade of beetles within the infraorder Cucujiformia consisting of the superfamilies Chrysomeloidea and Curculionoidea that are distinctive in the plant-feeding habit combined with the tarsi being pseudotetramerous or cryptopentamerous, where the fourth tarsal segment is typically greatly reduced or hidden by the third tarsal segment. The Cucujoidea are a sister to the Phytophaga. In some older literature the term Phytophaga was applied only to the Chrysomeloidea.
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| - Phytophaga (en)
- Phytophaga (pl)
- Phytophaga (pt)
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| - Phytophaga – klad chrząszczy z infrarzędu Cucujiformia. Obejmuje on blisko spokrewnione nadrodziny ryjkowców (Curculionoidea) i. Grupą siostrzaną jest nadrodzina zgniotków (Cucujoidea). Kladiogram według Shao-Qian Zhang i współpracowników (2018) (pl)
- Phytophaga is a clade of beetles within the infraorder Cucujiformia consisting of the superfamilies Chrysomeloidea and Curculionoidea that are distinctive in the plant-feeding habit combined with the tarsi being pseudotetramerous or cryptopentamerous, where the fourth tarsal segment is typically greatly reduced or hidden by the third tarsal segment. The Cucujoidea are a sister to the Phytophaga. In some older literature the term Phytophaga was applied only to the Chrysomeloidea. (en)
- Phytophaga é um clado de besouros dentro da infraordem Cucujiformia consistindo nas superfamílias Chrysomeloidea e Curculionoidea que são distintas no hábito alimentar de plantas combinadas com os tarsos sendo pseudotetrâmeros ou criptopentâmeros, onde o quarto segmento tarsal é tipicamente muito reduzido ou escondido pelo terceiro segmento tarsal. Os Cucujoidea são irmãos dos Phytophaga. Em alguma literatura mais antiga, o termo Phytophaga era aplicado apenas ao Chrysomeloidea. (pt)
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| - Phytophaga phylogeny (en)
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| - Families in the Phytophaga (en)
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| - Phytophaga is a clade of beetles within the infraorder Cucujiformia consisting of the superfamilies Chrysomeloidea and Curculionoidea that are distinctive in the plant-feeding habit combined with the tarsi being pseudotetramerous or cryptopentamerous, where the fourth tarsal segment is typically greatly reduced or hidden by the third tarsal segment. The Cucujoidea are a sister to the Phytophaga. In some older literature the term Phytophaga was applied only to the Chrysomeloidea. The diversification of species within the Phytophaga is thought to be associated with the speciation within the Angiosperms. The plant-feeding habit may have been a shift from microfungal, spore-feeding (on strobili and cycads) and saprotrophic habits. With nearly 125,000 described species they are the second largest phytophagous lineage of insects after the order Lepidoptera. GH45s are only encoded by the genomes possessed by the Phytophaga beetles. The derived G45s from Phytophaga degrade 3 main substances: amorphous cellulose, xyloglucan and glucomannan. It was also composed of fungal sequences, acquired by gene transfer from fungi. (en)
- Phytophaga – klad chrząszczy z infrarzędu Cucujiformia. Obejmuje on blisko spokrewnione nadrodziny ryjkowców (Curculionoidea) i. Grupą siostrzaną jest nadrodzina zgniotków (Cucujoidea). Kladiogram według Shao-Qian Zhang i współpracowników (2018) (pl)
- Phytophaga é um clado de besouros dentro da infraordem Cucujiformia consistindo nas superfamílias Chrysomeloidea e Curculionoidea que são distintas no hábito alimentar de plantas combinadas com os tarsos sendo pseudotetrâmeros ou criptopentâmeros, onde o quarto segmento tarsal é tipicamente muito reduzido ou escondido pelo terceiro segmento tarsal. Os Cucujoidea são irmãos dos Phytophaga. Em alguma literatura mais antiga, o termo Phytophaga era aplicado apenas ao Chrysomeloidea. Acredita-se que a diversificação de espécies dentro do Phytophaga esteja associada à especiação dentro das Angiospermas. O hábito de alimentação de plantas pode ter sido uma mudança de hábitos microfúngicos, alimentação de esporos (em estróbilos e cicadáceas) e saprotróficos. Com quase 125.000 espécies descritas, eles são a segunda maior linhagem fitófaga de insetos depois da ordem Lepidoptera. (pt)
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