The Pigou–Dalton principle (PDP) is a principle in welfare economics, particularly in cardinal welfarism. Named after Arthur Cecil Pigou and Hugh Dalton, it is a condition on social welfare functions. It says that, all other things being equal, a social welfare function should prefer allocations that are more equitable. In other words, a transfer of some defined variable (for example utility or income) from the rich to the poor is desirable, as long as it does not bring the rich to a poorer situation than the poor. Formally, let and be two utility profiles. Suppose that at the first profile:
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| - Pigou-Dalton-Prinzip (de)
- Pigou–Dalton principle (en)
- Princípio de Pigou-Dalton (pt)
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| - In der Sozialwahltheorie und der Wirtschaftspolitik bezeichnet das Pigou-Dalton-Prinzip (auch: Transferprinzip oder Transferprinzip nach (Pigou-)Dalton) eine Eigenschaft von gesellschaftlichen Wohlstandsmaßen, wonach ein Einkommenstransfer die gesellschaftliche Wohlfahrt erhöhen muss, wann immer er von einer reicheren zu einer ärmeren Person erfolgt und solange er nichts daran ändert, wer der Reichere und wer der Ärmere ist. (de)
- O Princípio de Pigou-Dalton diz que uma transferência de renda de um indivíduo mais rico para um indivíduo mais pobre, desde que essa transferência não inverta a posição social entre os dois, resulta em uma maior igualdade social. Foi criado por , Barão de Dalton, por sugestão de Pigou. Dalton propôs a teoria de uma relação funcional positiva entre renda e bem-estar social, concluindo que o bem-estar social cresce a uma razão exponencialmente decrescente em relação ao crescimento da renda, o que leva à conclusão de que o máximo bem-estar social só é atingido quando todas as rendas são iguais. (pt)
- The Pigou–Dalton principle (PDP) is a principle in welfare economics, particularly in cardinal welfarism. Named after Arthur Cecil Pigou and Hugh Dalton, it is a condition on social welfare functions. It says that, all other things being equal, a social welfare function should prefer allocations that are more equitable. In other words, a transfer of some defined variable (for example utility or income) from the rich to the poor is desirable, as long as it does not bring the rich to a poorer situation than the poor. Formally, let and be two utility profiles. Suppose that at the first profile: (en)
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| - In der Sozialwahltheorie und der Wirtschaftspolitik bezeichnet das Pigou-Dalton-Prinzip (auch: Transferprinzip oder Transferprinzip nach (Pigou-)Dalton) eine Eigenschaft von gesellschaftlichen Wohlstandsmaßen, wonach ein Einkommenstransfer die gesellschaftliche Wohlfahrt erhöhen muss, wann immer er von einer reicheren zu einer ärmeren Person erfolgt und solange er nichts daran ändert, wer der Reichere und wer der Ärmere ist. (de)
- The Pigou–Dalton principle (PDP) is a principle in welfare economics, particularly in cardinal welfarism. Named after Arthur Cecil Pigou and Hugh Dalton, it is a condition on social welfare functions. It says that, all other things being equal, a social welfare function should prefer allocations that are more equitable. In other words, a transfer of some defined variable (for example utility or income) from the rich to the poor is desirable, as long as it does not bring the rich to a poorer situation than the poor. Formally, let and be two utility profiles. Suppose that at the first profile: and at the second profile: and and and (so or or ) Then, the social-welfare ordering should weakly prefer the second profile , since it reduces the inequality between agent 1 and agent 2 (and may switch which is richer), while keeping unchanged the sum of their utilities and the utilities of all other agents. PDP was suggested by Arthur Cecil Pigou and developed by Hugh Dalton (see, e.g., Amartya Sen, 1973 or Herve Moulin, 2004). (en)
- O Princípio de Pigou-Dalton diz que uma transferência de renda de um indivíduo mais rico para um indivíduo mais pobre, desde que essa transferência não inverta a posição social entre os dois, resulta em uma maior igualdade social. Foi criado por , Barão de Dalton, por sugestão de Pigou. Dalton propôs a teoria de uma relação funcional positiva entre renda e bem-estar social, concluindo que o bem-estar social cresce a uma razão exponencialmente decrescente em relação ao crescimento da renda, o que leva à conclusão de que o máximo bem-estar social só é atingido quando todas as rendas são iguais. (pt)
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