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Project Independence was an initiative announced by U.S. President Richard Nixon on November 7, 1973, in reaction to the OAPEC oil embargo and the resulting 1973 oil crisis. Recalling the Manhattan Project, he stated that the goal of Project Independence was to achieve energy self-sufficiency for the United States by 1980, through a national commitment to energy conservation and development of alternative sources of energy. Nixon declared that American science, technology and industry could free America from its dependence on imported oil, and establish its energy independence. He called for the construction of 1,000 nuclear power plants by the year 2000.

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  • Project Independence (fr)
  • Project Independence (en)
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  • Project Independence (en français : projet indépendance) est une initiative annoncée par le président américain Richard Nixon le 7 novembre 1973 en réaction à l'embargo pétrolier imposé par les membres arabes de l'Organisation des pays exportateurs de pétrole, qui a provoqué le premier choc pétrolier. S'inspirant du projet Manhattan, le projet visait à assurer l'indépendance énergétique des États-Unis d'ici 1980 par le développement d'un éventail de mesures d'économie d'énergie et le développement de sources d'énergies alternatives. Dans son discours, le président Nixon a soutenu que la science, la technologie et l'industrie américaines pouvaient libérer le pays de la dépendance à l'égard du pétrole importé. (fr)
  • Project Independence was an initiative announced by U.S. President Richard Nixon on November 7, 1973, in reaction to the OAPEC oil embargo and the resulting 1973 oil crisis. Recalling the Manhattan Project, he stated that the goal of Project Independence was to achieve energy self-sufficiency for the United States by 1980, through a national commitment to energy conservation and development of alternative sources of energy. Nixon declared that American science, technology and industry could free America from its dependence on imported oil, and establish its energy independence. He called for the construction of 1,000 nuclear power plants by the year 2000. (en)
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  • Project Independence was an initiative announced by U.S. President Richard Nixon on November 7, 1973, in reaction to the OAPEC oil embargo and the resulting 1973 oil crisis. Recalling the Manhattan Project, he stated that the goal of Project Independence was to achieve energy self-sufficiency for the United States by 1980, through a national commitment to energy conservation and development of alternative sources of energy. Nixon declared that American science, technology and industry could free America from its dependence on imported oil, and establish its energy independence. He called for the construction of 1,000 nuclear power plants by the year 2000. Some of the important initiatives to emerge from Project Independence included lowering highway speeds to 55 mph (89 km/h), converting oil power plants to coal, completion of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System and diverting federal funds from highway construction to mass transit. Despite these initiatives, Project Independence failed to prevent the increase in American oil consumption after the 1973–74 embargo; its dependence on foreign suppliers rose from 36% to almost 50% in 1979, when questions of nuclear energy safety arose domestically, and the next energy crisis emerged overseas. (en)
  • Project Independence (en français : projet indépendance) est une initiative annoncée par le président américain Richard Nixon le 7 novembre 1973 en réaction à l'embargo pétrolier imposé par les membres arabes de l'Organisation des pays exportateurs de pétrole, qui a provoqué le premier choc pétrolier. S'inspirant du projet Manhattan, le projet visait à assurer l'indépendance énergétique des États-Unis d'ici 1980 par le développement d'un éventail de mesures d'économie d'énergie et le développement de sources d'énergies alternatives. Dans son discours, le président Nixon a soutenu que la science, la technologie et l'industrie américaines pouvaient libérer le pays de la dépendance à l'égard du pétrole importé. Plusieurs initiatives importantes ont été mises en place dans le cadre de Project Independance, dont la limitation des limites de vitesses sur les autoroutes à 55 mi/h (90 km/h), la conversion des centrales thermiques au fioul vers le charbon, la mise en service de l'oléoduc trans-Alaska et le financement d'infrastructures de transport en commun par la réallocation de certains budgets fédéraux alloués à la construction d'autoroutes. Mais, durant la période 1980-2010, les États-Unis ont dû importer pour un minimum, en 1983, de 1 843 744 000 barils de produits pétroliers et un maximum, en 2005, de 5 003 082 000 barils. (fr)
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