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The promyshlenniki (Russian: промышленники, singular form: Russian: промышленник, romanized: promyshlennik), were Russian and indigenous Siberian artel- or self-employed workers drawn largely from the state serf and townsman class who engaged in the Siberian, maritime, and later Russian-American fur trades. Initially the Russians in Russian America were Siberian fur-hunters, river-merchants, and mercenaries, although many later worked as sailors, carpenters, artisans, and craftsmen. Promyshlenniki formed the backbone of Russian trading-operations in Russian Alaska. Some of them worked on preliminary request contracts, including for the Russian-American Company, and their duties and activities became less involved in the company's fur-gathering activities.

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  • Promychlenniki (fr)
  • Promyshlenniki (en)
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  • The promyshlenniki (Russian: промышленники, singular form: Russian: промышленник, romanized: promyshlennik), were Russian and indigenous Siberian artel- or self-employed workers drawn largely from the state serf and townsman class who engaged in the Siberian, maritime, and later Russian-American fur trades. Initially the Russians in Russian America were Siberian fur-hunters, river-merchants, and mercenaries, although many later worked as sailors, carpenters, artisans, and craftsmen. Promyshlenniki formed the backbone of Russian trading-operations in Russian Alaska. Some of them worked on preliminary request contracts, including for the Russian-American Company, and their duties and activities became less involved in the company's fur-gathering activities. (en)
  • Les promychlenniki (en russe : промышленники, fabricants ou commerçants) sont des commerçants de fourrures russes ou sibériens qui se sont engagés dans la traite de la fourrure maritime en Sibérie et en Alaska dans les années 1790. Au début, ils travaillaient à contrat et dans les années 1820, le système change pour leur donner des salaires à la place de parties des recettes. Ils conservèrent leur nom, mais furent alors employés de la Compagnie russe d'Amérique. Les promychlenniki ont été encouragés à prendre épouse parmi les populations indigènes. (fr)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Advancement_of_the_Promyshlenniki_to_the_East.jpg
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