The proposed "Liberty" Amendment to the United States Constitution was first proffered, pursuant to the Constitution's Article V, for the consideration of the 82nd United States Congress on June 28, 1952, in the form of House Joint Resolution No. 491 ("proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to calling of a convention to consider an amendment to the Constitution to prohibit the United States Government from engaging in business in competition with its citizens") by the late United States Representative Ralph W. Gwinn of New York (98 Congressional Record 8542).

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  • Proposed "Liberty" Amendment to the United States Constitution (en)
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  • The proposed "Liberty" Amendment to the United States Constitution was first proffered, pursuant to the Constitution's Article V, for the consideration of the 82nd United States Congress on June 28, 1952, in the form of House Joint Resolution No. 491 ("proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to calling of a convention to consider an amendment to the Constitution to prohibit the United States Government from engaging in business in competition with its citizens") by the late United States Representative Ralph W. Gwinn of New York (98 Congressional Record 8542). (en)
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  • The proposed "Liberty" Amendment to the United States Constitution was first proffered, pursuant to the Constitution's Article V, for the consideration of the 82nd United States Congress on June 28, 1952, in the form of House Joint Resolution No. 491 ("proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to calling of a convention to consider an amendment to the Constitution to prohibit the United States Government from engaging in business in competition with its citizens") by the late United States Representative Ralph W. Gwinn of New York (98 Congressional Record 8542). Most recently, it was presented for the consideration of the 112th Congress on March 15, 2011, in the form of House Joint Resolution No. 50 ("proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to abolishing personal income, estate, and gift taxes and prohibiting the United States Government from engaging in business in competition with its citizens") by then-United States Representative Ron Paul of Texas (157 Congressional Record 3989). Paul offered detailed explanatory remarks about the proposed constitutional amendment which were printed in the Congressional Record of that same date (157 Congressional Record 4099). As presented by Paul, the text of the proposed constitutional amendment reads as follows: Section 1. The Government of the United States shall not engage in any business, professional, commercial, financial, or industrial enterprise except as specified in the Constitution. Section 2. The constitution or laws of any State, or the laws of the United States, shall not be subject to the terms of any foreign or domestic agreement which would abrogate this amendment. Section 3. The activities of the United States Government which violate the intent and purposes of this amendment shall, within a period of three years from the date of the ratification of this amendment, be liquidated and the properties and facilities affected shall be sold. Section 4. Three years after the ratification of this amendment the sixteenth article of amendments to the Constitution of the United States shall stand repealed and thereafter Congress shall not levy taxes on personal incomes, estates, and gifts. As of June 2018, the proposal has not commanded the approval of both houses of Congress in order to submit it for the consideration of the states for ratification, as the aforementioned Article V provides. Nor have the legislatures of a sufficient number of states applied to Congress for the calling of an "Article V Convention" on the topic. (en)
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