Proto-Arabic is the name given to the hypothetical reconstructed ancestor of all the varieties of Arabic attested since the 9th century BC. There are two lines of evidence to reconstruct Proto-Arabic:
* Evidence of Arabic becomes more frequent in the 2nd century BC, with the documentation of Arabic names in the Nabataean script as well as evidence of an Arabic substratum in the Nabataean language.
* The Safaitic and Hismaic inscriptions were composed between the 1st century BC and the 4th century AD, in the basalt desert of the northwest Arabian Peninsula and the Southern Levant. They are also crucial to the reconstruction of Proto-Arabic, since they show many features that are shared by epigraphic Old South Arabian and Classical Arabic. The common features set them apart from languages
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| - لغة عربية بدائية (ar)
- Bahasa Proto-Arab (in)
- Proto-Arabic language (en)
- Протоарабский язык (ru)
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| - اللغة العربية البدائية هي لغة بدائية افتراضية أعيد بناؤها. والتي يُعتقد أنها أم اللغات العربية الموثقة منذ القرن التاسع قبل الميلاد. هناك مصدران من الأدلة لإعادة بناء اللغة العربية البدائية:
* وجود أسماء عربية في الكتابة النبطية بدايةً من القرن الثاني قبل الميلاد، ثم تأثير عربي على اللغة النبطية.
* نقوش صفائية بين القرن الأول قبل الميلاد والرابع الميلادي في صحراء البازلت (شمال غرب شبه الجزيرة العربية وجنوب الشام).هاته النقوش حاسمة لإعادة بناء اللغة العربية البدائية لأنها تشترك في العديد من المميزات مع العربية التراثية والعربية الجنوبية القديمة. (ar)
- Bahasa Proto-Arab atau bahasa Arab Purba adalah sebutan untuk bentuk bahasa-bahasa awal dari segala bentuk bahasa Arab yang memiliki bukti-bukti sejarah tertua diketahui pada abad ke-9 sebelum Masehi. Ada dua bukti kuat untuk merekonstruksi bahasa Proto-Arab: Urheimat bahasa Proto-Arab dengan demikian dapat dianggap sebagai perbatasan antara barat laut Jazirah Arab dan Syam selatan. (in)
- Proto-Arabic is the name given to the hypothetical reconstructed ancestor of all the varieties of Arabic attested since the 9th century BC. There are two lines of evidence to reconstruct Proto-Arabic:
* Evidence of Arabic becomes more frequent in the 2nd century BC, with the documentation of Arabic names in the Nabataean script as well as evidence of an Arabic substratum in the Nabataean language.
* The Safaitic and Hismaic inscriptions were composed between the 1st century BC and the 4th century AD, in the basalt desert of the northwest Arabian Peninsula and the Southern Levant. They are also crucial to the reconstruction of Proto-Arabic, since they show many features that are shared by epigraphic Old South Arabian and Classical Arabic. The common features set them apart from languages (en)
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| - اللغة العربية البدائية هي لغة بدائية افتراضية أعيد بناؤها. والتي يُعتقد أنها أم اللغات العربية الموثقة منذ القرن التاسع قبل الميلاد. هناك مصدران من الأدلة لإعادة بناء اللغة العربية البدائية:
* وجود أسماء عربية في الكتابة النبطية بدايةً من القرن الثاني قبل الميلاد، ثم تأثير عربي على اللغة النبطية.
* نقوش صفائية بين القرن الأول قبل الميلاد والرابع الميلادي في صحراء البازلت (شمال غرب شبه الجزيرة العربية وجنوب الشام).هاته النقوش حاسمة لإعادة بناء اللغة العربية البدائية لأنها تشترك في العديد من المميزات مع العربية التراثية والعربية الجنوبية القديمة. (ar)
- Bahasa Proto-Arab atau bahasa Arab Purba adalah sebutan untuk bentuk bahasa-bahasa awal dari segala bentuk bahasa Arab yang memiliki bukti-bukti sejarah tertua diketahui pada abad ke-9 sebelum Masehi. Ada dua bukti kuat untuk merekonstruksi bahasa Proto-Arab:
* Bukti munculnya bahasa Arab yang berasal dari abad ke-2 SM, dengan dokumentasi nama Arab dalam abjad Nabath serta ada kata-kata dasar bahasa Arab Klasik dalam bahasa .
* Prasasti yang memuat aksara dan disusun pada kira-kira abad ke-1 SM hingga abad ke-4 M, di gurun basal di barat laut Jazirah Arab dan . Aksara-aksara tersebut sangat penting untuk merekonstruksi Bahasa Proto-Arab, karena menunjukkan banyak kesamaan dengan epigrafi Bahasa Arab Selatan Kuno dan Bahasa Arab Klasik. Perbedaan umum antara bahasa-bahasa yang memiliki bukti tertulis ditemukan lebih jauh ke selatan, seperti Bahasa Dadan dan (lihat karakteristik di bawah). Bahasa Arab Kuno yang tertulis di abjad Nabath dibuktikan pada catatan tertulis di gurun Negev pada abad ke-1 sebelum Masehi, tetapi menjadi lebih sering di wilayah tersebut setelah penurunan jumlah penutur bahasa and . Dari abad ke-4 M, prasasti Arab Kuno dibuktikan dari Suriah Utara hingga Hijaz, dalam aksara yang merupakan perantara antara tulisan kursif aksara Nabath dan Kufi pada zaman Islam. Urheimat bahasa Proto-Arab dengan demikian dapat dianggap sebagai perbatasan antara barat laut Jazirah Arab dan Syam selatan. (in)
- Proto-Arabic is the name given to the hypothetical reconstructed ancestor of all the varieties of Arabic attested since the 9th century BC. There are two lines of evidence to reconstruct Proto-Arabic:
* Evidence of Arabic becomes more frequent in the 2nd century BC, with the documentation of Arabic names in the Nabataean script as well as evidence of an Arabic substratum in the Nabataean language.
* The Safaitic and Hismaic inscriptions were composed between the 1st century BC and the 4th century AD, in the basalt desert of the northwest Arabian Peninsula and the Southern Levant. They are also crucial to the reconstruction of Proto-Arabic, since they show many features that are shared by epigraphic Old South Arabian and Classical Arabic. The common features set them apart from languages that are documented further south, such as Dadanitic and Taymanitic (see Characteristics below). Old Arabic in the Nabataean script is first attested in the Negev desert in the 1st century BC, but it becomes more frequent in the region after the decline of Safaitic and Hismaic. From the 4th century AD, Old Arabic inscriptions are attested from Northern Syria to the Hejaz, in a script that is intermediate between cursive Nabataean and the Kufic script of Islamic times. The urheimat of Proto-Arabic can thus be regarded as the frontier between northwest Arabia and the southern Levant. (en)
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