A radioisotope rocket or radioisotope thermal rocket is a type of thermal rocket engine that uses the heat generated by the decay of radioactive elements to heat a working fluid, which is then exhausted through a rocket nozzle to produce thrust. They are similar in nature to nuclear thermal rockets such as NERVA, but are considerably simpler and often have no moving parts. Alternatively, radioisotopes may be used in a radioisotope electric rocket, in which energy from nuclear decay is used to generate the electricity used to power an electric propulsion system.
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| - صاروخ النظائر المشعة (ar)
- Cohete de radioisótopos (es)
- Propulsion radioisotopique (fr)
- Radioisotope rocket (en)
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| - صاروخ النظائر المشعة هو نوع من المحركات الصاروخية الحرارية التي تستخدم الحرارة الناتجة عن تسوس العناصر المشعة لتسخين مائع العمل، والذي يتم استنفاده بعد ذلك عبر فوهة صاروخية لإنتاج قوة دفع. إنها تشبه في طبيعتها الصواريخ الحرارية النووية مثل المحرك النووي للمركبات الصاروخية، ولكنها أبسط إلى حد كبير وغالبًا لا تحتوي على أجزاء متحركة. (ar)
- El cohete de radioisótopos es un tipo de motor cohete que usa el calor generado por el decaimiento de elementos radiactivos para calentar el propelente expulsado por la tobera del cohete para producir empuje. Son similares a los como el NERVA, pero considerablemente más simples y normalmente no tienen partes móviles. (es)
- La propulsion radioisotopique est une technique de propulsion spatiale nucléaire utilisant la chaleur dégagée par la désintégration radioactive d'un élément pour chauffer un fluide qui est alors éjecté par une tuyère. Le principe est très semblable à celui de la propulsion nucléaire thermique par réacteur à cœur solide (type NERVA), mais beaucoup plus simple et la plupart du temps sans pièces mobiles. (fr)
- A radioisotope rocket or radioisotope thermal rocket is a type of thermal rocket engine that uses the heat generated by the decay of radioactive elements to heat a working fluid, which is then exhausted through a rocket nozzle to produce thrust. They are similar in nature to nuclear thermal rockets such as NERVA, but are considerably simpler and often have no moving parts. Alternatively, radioisotopes may be used in a radioisotope electric rocket, in which energy from nuclear decay is used to generate the electricity used to power an electric propulsion system. (en)
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| - صاروخ النظائر المشعة هو نوع من المحركات الصاروخية الحرارية التي تستخدم الحرارة الناتجة عن تسوس العناصر المشعة لتسخين مائع العمل، والذي يتم استنفاده بعد ذلك عبر فوهة صاروخية لإنتاج قوة دفع. إنها تشبه في طبيعتها الصواريخ الحرارية النووية مثل المحرك النووي للمركبات الصاروخية، ولكنها أبسط إلى حد كبير وغالبًا لا تحتوي على أجزاء متحركة. (ar)
- El cohete de radioisótopos es un tipo de motor cohete que usa el calor generado por el decaimiento de elementos radiactivos para calentar el propelente expulsado por la tobera del cohete para producir empuje. Son similares a los como el NERVA, pero considerablemente más simples y normalmente no tienen partes móviles. (es)
- A radioisotope rocket or radioisotope thermal rocket is a type of thermal rocket engine that uses the heat generated by the decay of radioactive elements to heat a working fluid, which is then exhausted through a rocket nozzle to produce thrust. They are similar in nature to nuclear thermal rockets such as NERVA, but are considerably simpler and often have no moving parts. Alternatively, radioisotopes may be used in a radioisotope electric rocket, in which energy from nuclear decay is used to generate the electricity used to power an electric propulsion system. The basic idea is a development of existing radioisotope thermoelectric generator, or RTG, systems, in which the heat generated by decaying nuclear fuel is used to generate power. In the rocket application the generator is removed, and the working fluid is instead used to produce thrust directly. Temperatures of about 1500 to 2000 °C are possible in this system, allowing for specific impulses of about 700 to 800 seconds (7 to 8 kN·s/kg), about double that of the best chemical engines such as the LH2-LOX Space Shuttle Main Engine. However the amount of power generated by such systems is typically fairly low. Whereas the full "active" reactor system in a nuclear thermal rocket can be expected to generate over a gigawatt, a radioisotope generator might get 5 kW. This means that the design, while highly efficient, can produce thrust levels of perhaps 1.3 to 1.5 N, making them useful only for thrusters. In order to increase the power for medium-duration missions, engines would typically use fuels with a short half-life such as Po-210, as opposed to the typical RTG which would use a long half-life fuel such as plutonium in order to produce more constant power over longer periods of time. The even shorter half-life element fermium has also been suggested. Another drawback to the use of radioisotopes in rockets is an inability to change the operating power. The radioisotope constantly generates heat that must be safely dissipated when it is not heating a propellant. Reactors, on the other hand, can be throttled or shut down as desired. (en)
- La propulsion radioisotopique est une technique de propulsion spatiale nucléaire utilisant la chaleur dégagée par la désintégration radioactive d'un élément pour chauffer un fluide qui est alors éjecté par une tuyère. Le principe est très semblable à celui de la propulsion nucléaire thermique par réacteur à cœur solide (type NERVA), mais beaucoup plus simple et la plupart du temps sans pièces mobiles. (fr)
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