About: Red brick university

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A red brick university (or redbrick university) was originally one of the nine civic universities founded in the major industrial cities of England in the 19th century. However, with the 1960s proliferation of universities and the reclassification of polytechnics in the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 as post-1992 universities, all British universities founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in major cities are now sometimes referred to as "red brick". Six of the original redbrick institutions, or their predecessor institutes, gained university status before World War I and were initially established as civic science or engineering colleges. Eight of the nine original institutions are members of the Russell Group.

Attributes	Values
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rdfs:label	جامعات القرميد الأحمر (ar) Red brick university (fr) 레드브릭 (ko) 赤レンガ大学群 (ja) Red brick university (en) Red brick-universiteit (nl) Red brick (pt) Университеты из красного кирпича (ru) 红砖大学 (zh)
rdfs:comment	جامعات القرميد (الطوب) الأحمر هو مصطلح يستخدم للإشارة غير الرسمية إلى ست جامعات خاصة تأسست في المدن الصناعية الكبرى من إنكلترا، كل منها حازت على مركز الجامعة قبل الحرب العالمية الأولى، وكانت بداياتها منشئات لتعليم العلوم العامة و/أو كليات الهندسة، وقد تمت صياغة هذا المصطلح لأن هذه المؤسسات كانت جديدة في ذلك العصر، وبالتالي اعتبرتها الجامعات العريقة محدثة النعمة، وقد توقف هذا الوصف مع انتشار الجامعات في الستينيات من القرن الماضي وإعادة تصنيف في عام 1992، المؤسسات الستة أعضاء في مجموعة راسل للجامعات (الذي يتلقى ثلثي جميع منح تمويل البحوث في المملكة المتحدة). (ar) L'expression red brick university, parfois orthographiée redbrick university (litt. « université en briques rouges ») est une expression anglaise pour désigner toute université au Royaume-Uni fondée entre le XIXe siècle et le début du XXe siècle et qui se distingue par une architecture extérieure en brique rouge. (fr) 赤レンガ大学群 (英: Red Brick University, or Redbrick Universities) は、19世紀後期から20世紀初頭にロイヤル・チャーター (勅許状)を受けた9大学のことである。 (ja) Red brick (ou redbrick, "tijolo vermelho", em inglês) é um termo informal utilizado para designar as seis princicpais universidades particulares do Reino Unido, localizadas nas principais cidades industriais do país. (pt) A red brick university (or redbrick university) was originally one of the nine civic universities founded in the major industrial cities of England in the 19th century. However, with the 1960s proliferation of universities and the reclassification of polytechnics in the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 as post-1992 universities, all British universities founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in major cities are now sometimes referred to as "red brick". Six of the original redbrick institutions, or their predecessor institutes, gained university status before World War I and were initially established as civic science or engineering colleges. Eight of the nine original institutions are members of the Russell Group. (en) 레드 브릭 대학교(Red Brick Universities)는 산업 혁명 당시 시민 의식의 향상과 실용 학문에 대한 수요의 증가로 19세기 영국 주요 산업도시에 세워진 6개 대학을 지칭하며, 모두 전신은 시민들이 자체적으로 설립했던 과학/공학 칼리지였다. 레드 브릭이란 명칭은 "붉은 벽돌"이란 의미로 대학들이 설립당시인 빅토리아 시대풍의 붉은 벽돌로 지어진 건물이 많아 붙여진 별칭이다. 지금은 모두 세계적인 명문대학으로 성장하였지만 설립 당시만 해도 기존 대학들의 시선이 좋지 못하였다. 11~13세기에 설립되어 중세 대학(Ancient Universities)이라 불리는 옥스퍼드 대학과 케임브리지 대학은 산업혁명의 영향으로 갑작스레 등장한 이들 대학을 탐탁치 않게 여겨 이들을 "벼락출세자"라는 별명으로 부르기도 하였다. 하지만 1960년대 콘크리트 빌딩과 넓은 현대식 창을 사용한 건물들로 이뤄진 일명 "평면창 대학(Plate Glass University)"이라 불리는 신설대학들의 등장과, 1992년 70여개에 달하는 공업기술학교들이 대거 종합대학으로 승격을 하면서 이러한 표현은 완전히 사라졌다. (ko) De term red brick-universiteit (Engels: redbrick university; Nederlands: rodebaksteenuniversiteit) is een informele benaming die gebruikt wordt voor zes universiteiten die opgericht werden in de grote industriële steden van Engeland. Elk van deze universiteiten verwierven hun universiteitsstatus voor de Eerste Wereldoorlog en werden aanvankelijk opgericht als wetenschappelijke en/of ingenieurshogescholen. Het gaat met name over de universiteiten van Birmingham, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol en Manchester. In het begin verwees de term naar deze op dat moment nieuwe onderwijsinstellingen. Vandaar dat ze door de oude universiteiten pejoratief als zogenaamde arrivisten of werden beschouwd. Sindsdien werd deze omschrijving niet meer in die zin in gebruik genomen na de opkomst van zogena (nl) Университеты из красного кирпича, или «краснокирпичные университеты» (англ. Red Brick Universities) — неформальный термин, обозначающий группу из шести престижных университетов Англии, расположенных в крупных промышленных городах. Все эти вузы были первоначально основаны как колледжи прикладных или инженерных дисциплин, однако получили статус университета до начала Первой мировой войны. Изначально термин имел некоторую негативную окраску, поскольку эти университеты были относительно молодыми, но при этом быстроразвивающимися, а потому рассматривались как «выскочки» по сравнению со «старинными университетами», однако по мере появления в 1960-е годы «университетов из листового стекла», а после 1992 года — большого числа «новых университетов» термин превратился из пренебрежительного в символ (ru) 红砖大学（英語：red brick university），是指聯合王國於十九世紀末至二十世纪中葉，在英格蘭（不包括威爾士、蘇格蘭、北愛爾蘭和海外殖民地）的主要工业城市設立的九所城市大学（civic universities）。「紅磚大學」這個名詞是利物浦大學教授提出的概念，顧名思義就是指紅磚校舍建築，而紅磚面的利物浦大學維多利亞大廈正是這詞的根源。英格蘭紅磚大學最初皆為科學或技術類高等院校，它們的成立過程及發展史，與英格蘭大城市的發展有密切關係。紅磚大學的冒起是英國人口和經濟增長的產物，印證了英國社會高速發展的時代。在紅磚大學於二十世紀初分別接受皇家憲章而獲得大學地位以前，英格蘭只存在五所大學，它們分別是：牛津大學、劍橋大學、倫敦大學、杜倫大學和維多利亞大學（曼徹斯特大學前身），當中倫敦和杜倫這兩所大學屬於「前維多利亞時期大學」（pre-Victorian），牛津和劍橋這兩所大學為「古典大學」。紅磚大學的出現使英國高等教育較以往普及，但依然是一個精英系統。在1963年發表的羅賓斯報告（Robbins Report）中得出結論，當時英國只有不到 10% 的離校生進入高等教育。有人建議擴大高等教育規模，所有技術學校都應獲得大學地位，才有了後來「平板玻璃大学」的出現。九所红砖大学，分別是： (zh)
differentFrom	Municipal university
foaf:depiction
dcterms:subject	Brick buildings and structures Lists of universities and colleges in the United Kingdom Universities and colleges in the United Kingdom Colloquial terms for groups of universities and colleges Universities in the United Kingdom
Wikipage page ID	83341 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1119349483 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Cardiff University Queen's University Belfast Sandstone universities Department for Education Architectural terracotta Humboldt University of Berlin University constituency University of Aberdeen University of Birmingham University of Bristol University of Cambridge University of Dundee University of Edinburgh University of Exeter University of Glasgow University of Hull University of Leeds University of Leicester University of Liverpool University of London University of Manchester University of Nottingham University of Oxford University of Reading University of Sheffield University of Southampton University of St Andrews Victoria Building, University of Liverpool Victoria University of Manchester Post-1992 university Brick buildings and structures Ancient universities of Scotland Ancient university Lists of universities and colleges in the United Kingdom Universities and colleges in the United Kingdom Mason Science College Russell Group Thirty-Nine Articles Robbins Report Edwardian era Leeds School of Medicine London University (UK Parliament constituency) Cambridge University (UK Parliament constituency) Combined English Universities (UK Parliament constituency) Further and Higher Education Act 1992 Oxford University (UK Parliament constituency) Mechanics' Institute, Manchester Bangor University Colloquial terms for groups of universities and colleges

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