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Religio licita ("permitted religion", also translated as "approved religion") is a phrase used in the Apologeticum of Tertullian to describe the special status of the Jews in the Roman Empire. It was not an official term in Roman law. Tertullian uses the phrase in a passage arguing that Christians should be granted the same freedom to practice their religion as any other of the empire's inhabitants; the passage itself, not the phrase religio licita, is evidence of the general tolerance afforded under the Roman system of religion.

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  • Religio licita (eo)
  • Religio licita (es)
  • Religio licita (fr)
  • Religio licita (in)
  • Religio licita (en)
  • Religio licita (pt)
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  • La sintagmo religio licita estas latina diskutata nocio kiu indikas la privilegian statuson ĝuitan de iuj religioj en Romio. (Eldiru "relìĝio licita"). (eo)
  • Religio licita («religión permitida»,​ también traducida como «religión aprobada»)​ es una frase utilizada en el Apologeticum de Tertuliano​ para describir el estado especial de los judíos en el Imperio romano. No era un término oficial en el derecho romano.​​​​​ (es)
  • L'expression religio licita est une notion controversée qui désigne le statut privilégié dont certaines religions auraient bénéficié dans la Rome antique. (fr)
  • Religio licita ("agama yang sah," juga dapat diartikan "agama yang diizinkan") adalah istilah yang digunakan dalam oleh Tertulianus untuk menjelaskan status spesial kaum Yahudi di Kekaisaran Romawi. Istilah ini bukanlah istilah resmi dalam hukum Romawi. Tertulianus menggunakan istilah ini dalam sebuah paragrafnya yang berargumen bahwa umat Kristen harus diberikan kebebasan yang sama untuk memeluk agama sebagaimana penduduk Romawi lainnya. Paragraf ini merupakan bukti adanya yang diberikan di bawah sistem agama di Romawi Kuno. (in)
  • Religio licita ("permitted religion", also translated as "approved religion") is a phrase used in the Apologeticum of Tertullian to describe the special status of the Jews in the Roman Empire. It was not an official term in Roman law. Tertullian uses the phrase in a passage arguing that Christians should be granted the same freedom to practice their religion as any other of the empire's inhabitants; the passage itself, not the phrase religio licita, is evidence of the general tolerance afforded under the Roman system of religion. (en)
  • A expressão religio licita designa um estatuto privilegiado que era atribuído na Roma Antiga a certas religiões. Tal estatuto garantia aos praticantes e aderentes gozar de privilégios como a coleta de impostos, a dispensa de serviço militar, ou do culto imperial oficial. Por conseguinte, religio illicita era a religião que não cumpria estes critérios e podia estar sujeita a perseguições. (pt)
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  • La sintagmo religio licita estas latina diskutata nocio kiu indikas la privilegian statuson ĝuitan de iuj religioj en Romio. (Eldiru "relìĝio licita"). (eo)
  • Religio licita («religión permitida»,​ también traducida como «religión aprobada»)​ es una frase utilizada en el Apologeticum de Tertuliano​ para describir el estado especial de los judíos en el Imperio romano. No era un término oficial en el derecho romano.​​​​​ (es)
  • L'expression religio licita est une notion controversée qui désigne le statut privilégié dont certaines religions auraient bénéficié dans la Rome antique. (fr)
  • Religio licita ("permitted religion", also translated as "approved religion") is a phrase used in the Apologeticum of Tertullian to describe the special status of the Jews in the Roman Empire. It was not an official term in Roman law. Although it occurs in only one patristic text and in no classical Roman sources or inscriptions, the phrase has spawned abundant scholarly conjecture on its possible significance. Some scholars have gone so far as to imagine that all religions under the Empire had a legal status as either licita or illicita, despite the absence of any ancient texts referring to these categories. The most extreme view has held that Tertullian's phrase means all foreign religions required a license from the Roman government. However, it was Roman custom to permit or even to encourage the subject peoples of the Roman province and foreign communities in Rome to maintain their ancestral religion unless specific practices were regarded as disruptive or subversive: "A religio was licita for a particular group on the basis of tribe or nationality and traditional practices, coupled with the proviso that its rites were not offensive to the Roman people or its gods." Tertullian uses the phrase in a passage arguing that Christians should be granted the same freedom to practice their religion as any other of the empire's inhabitants; the passage itself, not the phrase religio licita, is evidence of the general tolerance afforded under the Roman system of religion. (en)
  • Religio licita ("agama yang sah," juga dapat diartikan "agama yang diizinkan") adalah istilah yang digunakan dalam oleh Tertulianus untuk menjelaskan status spesial kaum Yahudi di Kekaisaran Romawi. Istilah ini bukanlah istilah resmi dalam hukum Romawi. Meskipun hanya ditemukan pada satu tulisan Bapa Gereja dan tidak ditemukan dalam sumber atau bukti tertulis Era Klasik Romawi lainnya, istilah ini memunculkan berbagai pertanyaan akan arti yang mungkin dimilikinya. Cendekiawan berpikir bahwa semua agama dalam Kekaisaran Romawi memiliki status legal baik licita maupun illicita, meskipun tidak ada bukti yang dapat mendukung teori ini. Pandangan yang paling ekstrem berpendapat bahwa setiap agama asing membutuhkan surat izin dari pemerintah Romawi. Tetapi sudah jadi kebiasaan Romawi untuk mengizinkan bahkan mendukung masyarakat provinsi Roma bahkan komunitas asing untuk mempertahankan agama nenek moyang mereka, kecuali ada tata cara yang dinilai mengganggu atau subversif: "Sebuah religio yang dianut oleh kelompok-kelompok etnis suku atau suku bangsa tertentu dinilai licita dengan kondisi bahwa ritual ibadah mereka tidak menyinggung orang Romawi atau dewa-dewa mereka." Tertulianus menggunakan istilah ini dalam sebuah paragrafnya yang berargumen bahwa umat Kristen harus diberikan kebebasan yang sama untuk memeluk agama sebagaimana penduduk Romawi lainnya. Paragraf ini merupakan bukti adanya yang diberikan di bawah sistem agama di Romawi Kuno. (in)
  • A expressão religio licita designa um estatuto privilegiado que era atribuído na Roma Antiga a certas religiões. Tal estatuto garantia aos praticantes e aderentes gozar de privilégios como a coleta de impostos, a dispensa de serviço militar, ou do culto imperial oficial. Por conseguinte, religio illicita era a religião que não cumpria estes critérios e podia estar sujeita a perseguições. Existem porém várias definições. Poder-se-á julgar que nos inícios do império, o judaísmo helenístico seria a única religião tolerada além da própria religião imperial. Como afirma M. Goodman, "os romanos sabiam que os judeus, unicamente entre os habitantes do império, recusavam prestar culto a qualquer deus senão o Deus ciumento venerado no Templo de Jerusalém. Os romanos viam este comportamento como bizarro, mas não repreeensível." Mesmo assim, Tibério defendeu que se banissem todos os "cultos estrangeiros" de Roma, "em especial os ritos egípcio e judaico". Na concepção romana, em contraste com a tradição grega, a religião era algo praticado em público. O cristianismo, como afirmam alguns autores modernos, era expressamente declarado como religio illicita (religião ilícita) por Domiciano na década de 80, e era visto como superstitio Iudaica, uma superstição judaica que diferia do judaísmo "normal". Porém, a teoria de que os cristãos fossem perseguidos por collegio illicita é contestada pelos que defendem, como Edward Gibbon, que "os judeus eram um povo que seguia, e os cristãos uma seita que desertara, a religião dos seus pais." (pt)
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