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Residual entropy is the difference in entropy between a non-equilibrium state and crystal state of a substance close to absolute zero. This term is used in condensed matter physics to describe the entropy at zero kelvin of a glass or plastic crystal referred to the crystal state, whose entropy is zero according to the third law of thermodynamics. It occurs if a material can exist in many different states when cooled. The most common non-equilibrium state is vitreous state, glass.

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  • Nullpunktsentropie (de)
  • Entropia residua (it)
  • 잔류 엔트로피 (ko)
  • Residual entropy (en)
  • 餘熵 (zh)
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  • Nullpunktsentropie ist die Entropie eines Stoffes am absoluten Nullpunkt der Temperatur. (de)
  • 잔류 엔트로피(남은 엔트로피, Residual entropy)는 유리나 합금, 일산화탄소, 얼음 따위에서 절대영도가 되어도 남는 엔트로피다. (ko)
  • 余熵是处于非平衡态的物质与其处于完整晶体状态的物质在温度趋近于绝对零度时熵的差值。这一概念在凝聚体物理学领域主要用来描述玻璃态非晶体及与完整晶体相比在绝对零度时的熵，而完整晶体的熵根据热力学第三定律在绝对零度时为零。当物质冷却时有多种状态时，这一概念会被常常用到。最为常见的非平衡状态为玻璃态。 一个较为常见的例子是一氧化碳，其分子有非常小的电偶极矩。当一氧化碳晶体被冷却至接近绝对零度时，极少数的一氧化碳分子会有足够时间按照完整晶体形态排列（所有分子的排列方向一致）。这样整个晶体内部就有种不同的，可以得出此时的熵。 另一个例子是玻璃态非晶体，它们通常会由于在微观有相当多种原子排列结构而有余熵。 (zh)
  • Residual entropy is the difference in entropy between a non-equilibrium state and crystal state of a substance close to absolute zero. This term is used in condensed matter physics to describe the entropy at zero kelvin of a glass or plastic crystal referred to the crystal state, whose entropy is zero according to the third law of thermodynamics. It occurs if a material can exist in many different states when cooled. The most common non-equilibrium state is vitreous state, glass. (en)
  • L'entropia residua è l'entropia di un sistema allo zero assoluto. Essendo zero tutti i contributi traslazionali, vibrazionali e rotazionali delle particelle costituenti il sistema è soltanto un'entropia di tipo configurazionale. Dai dati spettroscopici si calcola spesso un'entropia minore di quella teorica, questo fenomeno può essere spiegato con due ipotesi: * l'omissione di una transizione di stato * il fatto che la materia abbia un certo grado di disordine anche a K (entropia residua) dove: * = costante di Boltzmann * peso statistico (it)
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  • Nullpunktsentropie ist die Entropie eines Stoffes am absoluten Nullpunkt der Temperatur. (de)
  • Residual entropy is the difference in entropy between a non-equilibrium state and crystal state of a substance close to absolute zero. This term is used in condensed matter physics to describe the entropy at zero kelvin of a glass or plastic crystal referred to the crystal state, whose entropy is zero according to the third law of thermodynamics. It occurs if a material can exist in many different states when cooled. The most common non-equilibrium state is vitreous state, glass. A common example is the case of carbon monoxide, which has a very small dipole moment. As the carbon monoxide crystal is cooled to absolute zero, few of the carbon monoxide molecules have enough time to align themselves into a perfect crystal, (with all of the carbon monoxide molecules oriented in the same direction). Because of this, the crystal is locked into a state with different corresponding microstates, giving a residual entropy of , rather than zero. Another example is any amorphous solid (glass). These have residual entropy, because the atom-by-atom microscopic structure can be arranged in a huge number of different ways across a macroscopic system. (en)
  • 잔류 엔트로피(남은 엔트로피, Residual entropy)는 유리나 합금, 일산화탄소, 얼음 따위에서 절대영도가 되어도 남는 엔트로피다. (ko)
  • L'entropia residua è l'entropia di un sistema allo zero assoluto. Essendo zero tutti i contributi traslazionali, vibrazionali e rotazionali delle particelle costituenti il sistema è soltanto un'entropia di tipo configurazionale. Dai dati spettroscopici si calcola spesso un'entropia minore di quella teorica, questo fenomeno può essere spiegato con due ipotesi: * l'omissione di una transizione di stato * il fatto che la materia abbia un certo grado di disordine anche a K (entropia residua) Un cristallo ad esempio potrebbe avere a sia configurazione AB AB AB AB AB AB ... che configurazione AB BA AB AB AB AB ... se l'energia dei due stati fosse molto simile. Se si ipotizza che le due configurazioni abbiano stessa probabilità, si può calcolare l'entropia residua con la legge di Boltzmann: dove: * = costante di Boltzmann * peso statistico (it)
  • 余熵是处于非平衡态的物质与其处于完整晶体状态的物质在温度趋近于绝对零度时熵的差值。这一概念在凝聚体物理学领域主要用来描述玻璃态非晶体及与完整晶体相比在绝对零度时的熵，而完整晶体的熵根据热力学第三定律在绝对零度时为零。当物质冷却时有多种状态时，这一概念会被常常用到。最为常见的非平衡状态为玻璃态。 一个较为常见的例子是一氧化碳，其分子有非常小的电偶极矩。当一氧化碳晶体被冷却至接近绝对零度时，极少数的一氧化碳分子会有足够时间按照完整晶体形态排列（所有分子的排列方向一致）。这样整个晶体内部就有种不同的，可以得出此时的熵。 另一个例子是玻璃态非晶体，它们通常会由于在微观有相当多种原子排列结构而有余熵。 (zh)
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