Robert Cockburn (died 1526) was a 16th-century Scottish diplomat and cleric. Robert Cockburn was the third son of William Cockburn of Skirling and Cessford, and Marion, daughter of Lord Crichton of Sanquhar. Cockburn was a university graduate, and appears for the first time in 1501 when he was presented to James IV of Scotland for the position of parson of Dunbar, being styled "Master Robert Cockburn, dean of Rouen". Cockburn was later praised for his skill in the Latin language. He was Bishop of Dunkeld for only two years, dying on 12 April 1526. He was buried in the choir of Dunkeld Cathedral.