Rudolph Matas (September 12, 1860 – September 23, 1957) was an American surgeon. He was born outside New Orleans in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, and spent much of his childhood in his parents' native land of Spain. Matas returned to New Orleans in 1877 to begin his medical training at the Medical School of the University of Louisiana, which is now known as Tulane University School of Medicine. He received his medical degree in 1880, at the age of 19.