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| - Rufina Amaya (1943 - 6 de marzo de 2007) fue la única sobreviviente de la Masacre del Mozote perpetrada por las Fuerzas Armadas entre el 11 y 13 de diciembre de 1981, en el Departamento de Morazán, República de El Salvador, durante la Guerra Civil Salvadoreña. Su testimonio de los ataques fue reportado brevemente después por dos medios norteamericanos, The New York Times y The Washington Post el 27 de enero de 1982. Sin embargo, el suceso fue desvirtuado por su misma comunidad periodística, así como por los EE. UU., que acusó a y Alma Guillermoprieto, autores respectivos de los reportajes de mentir. También el gobierno de El Salvador negó los hechos. No obstante, el testimonio de Rufina, narrado también en Luciérnagas de El Mozote (1996) fue un instrumento importante para la investigaci (es)
- Rufina Amaya (1943 – March 6, 2007) was the sole survivor of the El Mozote massacre on December 11 and December 12, 1981, in the Salvadoran department of Morazán during the Salvadoran Civil War. Her testimony of the attacks, reported shortly afterward by two American reporters but called into question by the U.S. journalism community as well as by the U.S. and Salvadoran governments, was instrumental in the eventual investigation by the United Nations Commission on the Truth for El Salvador after the end of the war. The investigation led to the November 1992 exhumation of bodies buried at the site and the commission's conclusion that Amaya's testimony had accurately represented the events. (en)
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| - Rufina Amaya (1943 - 6 de marzo de 2007) fue la única sobreviviente de la Masacre del Mozote perpetrada por las Fuerzas Armadas entre el 11 y 13 de diciembre de 1981, en el Departamento de Morazán, República de El Salvador, durante la Guerra Civil Salvadoreña. Su testimonio de los ataques fue reportado brevemente después por dos medios norteamericanos, The New York Times y The Washington Post el 27 de enero de 1982. Sin embargo, el suceso fue desvirtuado por su misma comunidad periodística, así como por los EE. UU., que acusó a y Alma Guillermoprieto, autores respectivos de los reportajes de mentir. También el gobierno de El Salvador negó los hechos. No obstante, el testimonio de Rufina, narrado también en Luciérnagas de El Mozote (1996) fue un instrumento importante para la investigación hecha por la Comisión de la Verdad para El Salvador, de las Naciones Unidas después del final de la guerra. La investigación apunta a la exhumación de cadáveres sepultados en noviembre de 1992 en el lugar, concluyendo que el testimonio de Rufina ha sido exactamente representado en los eventos. (es)
- Rufina Amaya (1943 – March 6, 2007) was the sole survivor of the El Mozote massacre on December 11 and December 12, 1981, in the Salvadoran department of Morazán during the Salvadoran Civil War. Her testimony of the attacks, reported shortly afterward by two American reporters but called into question by the U.S. journalism community as well as by the U.S. and Salvadoran governments, was instrumental in the eventual investigation by the United Nations Commission on the Truth for El Salvador after the end of the war. The investigation led to the November 1992 exhumation of bodies buried at the site and the commission's conclusion that Amaya's testimony had accurately represented the events. Hidden in a tree to which she had run while soldiers were distracted, Amaya watched and listened as government soldiers raped women, then killed men, women, and children by machine-gunning them, then burning their bodies. While hiding, she prayed to God that if he let her live, she would tell the world what took place there. She kept her promise. Amaya lost not only her neighbors, but also her husband, Domingo Claros, whose decapitation she saw; her 9-year-old son, Cristino, who cried out to her, "Mama, they're killing me. They've killed my sister. They're going to kill me."; and her daughters María Dolores, María Lilian, and María Isabel, ages 5 years, 3 years, and 8 months old. The only one of her children with Claros who was not killed in the massacre was their daughter Fidelia, who was not in the village at the time. Following the massacre, Amaya became a refugee for a time in the neighboring country of Honduras, where in 1985 she married fellow refugee José Natividad, with whom she had four children, divorcing within two years after the marriage. She returned to El Salvador in 1990 and became a lay minister for the Roman Catholic Church. By March 2000, Amaya was living near the Morazán village of Segundo Montes, Morazán, established by fellow repatriated exiles in memory of a Jesuit priest and scholar killed during the war in a mass assassination of priests by government forces at the Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas" (UCA). Amaya died of a stroke in a San Salvador hospital at the age of 64, on March 6, 2007, following a long illness. She was survived by her daughter Fidelia; her daughter Marta, from her second marriage; and by an adopted son, Walter Amaya. (en)
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