Self-enhancement is a type of motivation that works to make people feel good about themselves and to maintain self-esteem. This motive becomes especially prominent in situations of threat, failure or blows to one's self-esteem. Self-enhancement involves a preference for positive over negative self-views.It is one of the three self-evaluation motives along with self-assessment (the drive for an accurate self-concept) and self-verification (the drive for a self-concept congruent with one's identity).Self-evaluation motives drive the process of self-regulation, that is, how people control and direct their own actions.
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| - تعزيز ذاتي (ar)
- Selbstaufwertung (de)
- Automejora (es)
- Self-enhancement (en)
- Autowaloryzacja (pl)
- 自我提升 (zh)
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| - La automejora es un tipo de motivación que funciona para hacer que las personas se sientan bien consigo mismas y para mantener la autoestima. Esta motivación se vuelve especialmente prominente en situaciones de amenaza, fracaso o golpes a la propia autoestima. La automejora implica una preferencia por los puntos de vista positivos sobre los negativos. (es)
- 自我提升（英語：Self-enhancement）或称自我膨胀、自我拉抬是人的一种动机，有些人通过它使自己自我感觉良好和保持自尊，在受到威胁、遭遇失败和自尊心被打击时相对多见。自我提升时，人们倾向于接受正面的自我概念。自我提升使得人们改变控制自身行为的自律过程。它是四种自我评估动机之一，其他三种为自我评定（寻求准确自我概念的动机）、自我验证（寻求与自我感觉一致的自我概念的动机）和自我改善（改良自我概念的行为）。 人们可以使用很多策略提升自己的个人价值感知，比如忽视自己不擅长的方面、通过比较并批评他人让自己感觉更好。通过这些策略，人们趋向认为自己比别人优点更多，缺点更少。自我提升的人群中既有高自尊心者也有低自尊心者，但各自使用的策略不同。高自尊心者会通过偏差地处理信息，直接提升自我概念；低自尊者通过更间接的策略，如避免暴露缺点的情况出现。 自我提升是否对个体有利的问题是有争议的。 (zh)
- تعزيز الذات هو الدافع الذي يعمل على جعل الناس يشعرون بالرضا عن أنفسهم والحفاظ على احترامهم لذواتهم. ويصبح هذا الدافع بارزاً بشكل خاص في حالات التهديد أو الفشل أو الضربات ضد احترام الذات. تحسين الذات ينطوي على تقديم النظرة الإيجابية تجاه الذات على النظرة السلبية. وهي واحدة من دوافع التقييم الذاتي الأربعة جنباً إلى جنب مع التقييم الذاتي (الدافع نحو فهمٍ دقيقٍ للذات)، والتحقق الذاتي (الدافع لانسجام المفهوم الذاتي مع هوية الشخص) والتطوير الذاتي (الفعل الذي بموجبه يتم تحسين مفهوم الذات). ودوافع التقييم الذاتي هذه تدفع عملية التنظيم الذاتي، أي كيف يتحكم الناس ويوجهون تصرفاتهم. (ar)
- Selbstaufwertung ist eine Art der Motivation, die darauf abzielt, das Selbstwertgefühl und das Selbstvertrauen einer Person zu steigern. Dieses Motiv kommt vor allem in Situationen des Versagens oder der Bedrohung zum Ausdruck. Selbstaufwertung beinhaltet eine Präferenz zu positiven statt negativen Selbstansichten. Sie ist eines der vier Selbsteinschätzungsmotive neben Selbstevaluation mit Selbsteinschätzung (der Antrieb für ein akkurates Selbstkonzept) und Selbstverifikation (der Antrieb für ein kongruentes Selbstkonzept mit der eigenen Identität). Selbstaufwertungsmotive treiben den Prozess der Selbstregulation, also wie Menschen ihre Handlungen kontrollieren und ausrichten. (de)
- Self-enhancement is a type of motivation that works to make people feel good about themselves and to maintain self-esteem. This motive becomes especially prominent in situations of threat, failure or blows to one's self-esteem. Self-enhancement involves a preference for positive over negative self-views.It is one of the three self-evaluation motives along with self-assessment (the drive for an accurate self-concept) and self-verification (the drive for a self-concept congruent with one's identity).Self-evaluation motives drive the process of self-regulation, that is, how people control and direct their own actions. (en)
- Autowaloryzacja – dążenie do obrony, podtrzymania lub podniesienia samooceny. Dążenie do podniesienia samooceny jest głównym motywem związanym ze . Większość zdrowych ludzi tak przetwarza informacje, żeby własna osoba jawiła się w pozytywnym świetle. Dwa pozostałe motywy, pod których wpływem jest przetwarzanie informacji o sobie, to dążenie do adekwatności samooceny, dążenie do spójności samooceny. W większości przypadków dążenie do pozytywnej samooceny wpływa na selektywne przetwarzanie informacji. Niekiedy jednak jest motywem podjęcia rzeczywistych działań, których celem jest podniesienie swoich walorów. (pl)
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| - Self-enhancement at the level of a personality trait describes habitual or inadvertent self-enhancement. For example, self-enhancement can cause situations to be created to ease the pain of failure . The fabrication of such situations or excuses frequently and without awareness would be self-enhancement manifested as a personality trait. It is the repetitive inclination to demonstrate the motive. (en)
- People typically avoid attending to negative, unflattering information at encoding, therefore its initial recognition is impaired. Selective attention manifests itself in the form of an overt behaviour via selective exposure. (en)
- At retrieval people bring to mind a highly biased collection of memories. Selective recall occurs for behaviours that exemplify desirable personality traits, harmonious interpersonal relationships or even health enhancing habits. Affect associated with unpleasant memories also fades faster than affect associated with pleasant memories. (en)
- People selectively expose themselves to information that justifies important prior decisions they have made. This holds true so long as the information appears to be valid and the decision that was made was done so freely and is irreversible. (en)
- Self-enhancement at the level of an underlying motive describes the conscious desire to self-enhance. For example, self-enhancement can cause the comparison of the self to a worse other, making the self seem greater in comparison . The act of comparing intentionally to achieve superiority would be self-enhancement manifested as an underlying motive. It is the genuine desire to see the self as superior. (en)
- Self-enhancement at the level of an observed effect describes the product of the motive. For example, self-enhancement can produce inflated self-ratings . Such ratings would be self-enhancement manifested as an observed effect. It is an observable instance of the motive. (en)
- Self-enhancement at the level of an ongoing process describes the actual operation of the motive. For example, self-enhancement can result in attributing favourable outcomes to the self and unfavourable outcomes to others . The actual act of attributing such ratings would be self-enhancement manifested as an ongoing process. It is the motive in operation. (en)
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