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Shukr ben Salim Kuhayl I (?–1865), also known as Mari (Master) Shukr Kuhayl I (Hebrew: מרי שכר כחיל), was a Yemenite messianic claimant of the 19th century. He initially revealed himself in San‘a’ in 1861 as a messenger of the Messiah at a time when Jewish messianic expectations in Ottoman Yemen were ripe as a result of political turmoil. Divorcing his wife, he took up the life of an itinerant preacher to live in poverty and exhort the community to repentance. "I come to warn you and to remind you of repentance and redemption," he is reported to have said when publicly announcing his mission on a Sabbath in May 1861.

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  • شكر كوهايل الأول (ar)
  • Shukr Kuhayl I (de)
  • Shukr Kuhayl I (en)
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  • شكر بن سالم كوهايل الأول (بالعبرية: מרי שכר כחיל) (وفيات 1865) هي مدعي نبوة يهودي مسيحي يمنية من القرن 19. (ar)
  • Shukr ben Salim Kuhayl I (* 1821; † 1865), auch bekannt als Mari (= Meister), Shukr Kuhayl I (aramäisch: מרי שכר כחיל), war ein jemenitischer, jüdischer Pseudo-Messias des 19. Jahrhunderts. Shukr Kuhayl I beanspruchte für sich, der lang ersehnte jüdische Messias und gesalbte Priesterkönig zu sein. Als er sich 1861 in Sanaa offenbarte, ging die Verständigung noch dahin, dass er der Botschafter des Messias sei. Im Laufe seiner Auftritte korrigierte er sich dahin, dass er der Messias selbst sei. Jesaja 45,1 legte er so aus, dass er Gottes Botschaft als an ihn (Shukr), statt (Kyrus) gerichtet sah. So spricht der Herr zu Kyrus, seinem Gesalbten, den er an der rechten Hand gefasst hat, um ihm die Völker zu unterwerfen, um die Könige zu entwaffnen, um ihm die Türen zu öffnen und kein Tor verschlo (de)
  • Shukr ben Salim Kuhayl I (?–1865), also known as Mari (Master) Shukr Kuhayl I (Hebrew: מרי שכר כחיל), was a Yemenite messianic claimant of the 19th century. He initially revealed himself in San‘a’ in 1861 as a messenger of the Messiah at a time when Jewish messianic expectations in Ottoman Yemen were ripe as a result of political turmoil. Divorcing his wife, he took up the life of an itinerant preacher to live in poverty and exhort the community to repentance. "I come to warn you and to remind you of repentance and redemption," he is reported to have said when publicly announcing his mission on a Sabbath in May 1861. (en)
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  • شكر بن سالم كوهايل الأول (بالعبرية: מרי שכר כחיל) (وفيات 1865) هي مدعي نبوة يهودي مسيحي يمنية من القرن 19. (ar)
  • Shukr ben Salim Kuhayl I (* 1821; † 1865), auch bekannt als Mari (= Meister), Shukr Kuhayl I (aramäisch: מרי שכר כחיל), war ein jemenitischer, jüdischer Pseudo-Messias des 19. Jahrhunderts. Shukr Kuhayl I beanspruchte für sich, der lang ersehnte jüdische Messias und gesalbte Priesterkönig zu sein. Als er sich 1861 in Sanaa offenbarte, ging die Verständigung noch dahin, dass er der Botschafter des Messias sei. Im Laufe seiner Auftritte korrigierte er sich dahin, dass er der Messias selbst sei. Jesaja 45,1 legte er so aus, dass er Gottes Botschaft als an ihn (Shukr), statt (Kyrus) gerichtet sah. So spricht der Herr zu Kyrus, seinem Gesalbten, den er an der rechten Hand gefasst hat, um ihm die Völker zu unterwerfen, um die Könige zu entwaffnen, um ihm die Türen zu öffnen und kein Tor verschlossen zu halten:.... Aus כה אמר ה' למשיחו לכורש wurde somit: כה אמר ה' למשיחו לשוכר. Shukr Kuhayl I trat in Sanaa zu einer Zeit in Erscheinung, als politische Wirren immer stärkere messianische Hoffnungshaltungen in der jüdischen Bevölkerung produzierten. Shukr Kuhayl I ließ sich von seiner Frau scheiden und zog in Fetzen gekleidet als Wanderprediger umher. Er lehrte Genügsamkeit und Armut und ermahnte zu Buße und Reue. Seiner selbst gewahrte man als asketisch-ärmlichen und frommen Einzelgänger. Die Leute glaubten an ihn, bis er 1865 durch ortsansässige Araber getötet wurde, weil sie in ihm eine Bedrohung sahen. Der Tod Shukr Kuhayl I´s wurde von seinen Anhängern nicht als Tod hingenommen, vielmehr erwarteten alle seine unmittelbare Rückkunft, die 1868 durch die Erscheinung des (Judah ben Shalom) bestätigt schien. (de)
  • Shukr ben Salim Kuhayl I (?–1865), also known as Mari (Master) Shukr Kuhayl I (Hebrew: מרי שכר כחיל), was a Yemenite messianic claimant of the 19th century. He initially revealed himself in San‘a’ in 1861 as a messenger of the Messiah at a time when Jewish messianic expectations in Ottoman Yemen were ripe as a result of political turmoil. Divorcing his wife, he took up the life of an itinerant preacher to live in poverty and exhort the community to repentance. "I come to warn you and to remind you of repentance and redemption," he is reported to have said when publicly announcing his mission on a Sabbath in May 1861. He was apparently a humble, ascetic and pious individual, wearing ragged clothes, and removing himself to live alone on . At some point he began to indicate that he was no longer the messenger of the Messiah, but rather the Messiah himself. He inscribed messianic formulas on his hands, and "corrected" Isaiah 45:1 to read כה אמר ה' למשיחו לשוכר ("Thus said the Lord to Shukr, His anointed one...") instead of the traditional כה אמר ה' למשיחו לכורש ("Thus said the Lord to Cyrus, His anointed one..."), in this manner reading himself into the Biblical narrative. The Jewish traveler Jacob Saphir, who wrote about Shukr Kuhayl in the Jerusalem press and in his Even Sappir, indicated that almost all the Jews of Yemen at that time believed the messianic claims of Shukr Kuhayl I. Although Kuhayl was very shortly thereafter killed by local Arabs in 1865—apparently under direction of the imam controlling the capital of San‘a’, who viewed his activities as a threat—there were many among his followers who did not accept his demise, and expected his imminent return. Among these were his sister and son, who did not mourn his death. They were soon enough rewarded in 1868 by the appearance of Judah ben Shalom, claiming to be the self-same recently deceased Shukr Kuhayl, who then went on to lead a very significant messianic movement, which attracted both Yemenite Jews and Arabs. (en)
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