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In contract theory, signalling (or signaling; see spelling differences) is the idea that one party (the agent) credibly conveys some information about itself to another party (the principal). Although signalling theory was initially developed by Michael Spence based on observed knowledge gaps between organisations and prospective employees, its intuitive nature led it to be adapted to many other domains, such as Human Resource Management, business, and financial markets.

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  • Signaling (Wirtschaftswissenschaften) (de)
  • Teoría de la señalización (es)
  • Seinaleztapen-teoria (eu)
  • Signal (économie) (fr)
  • 신호 효과 (ko)
  • シグナリング (ja)
  • Signalling (economics) (en)
  • Sinalização (economia) (pt)
  • 信號理論 (經濟學) (zh)
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  • Signaling ist ein Teil der Informationsökonomie und versucht die Probleme der Prinzipal-Agent-Theorie zu lösen. Der Agent hat mehr Informationen über einen Sachverhalt als der Prinzipal und versucht daher dem Prinzipal Signale zu senden, die dessen Unsicherheit verringern und diesen zu einem Vertragsabschluss bewegen. Ziel dabei ist es, die Adverse Selektion zu verhindern und ein für beide Seiten befriedigendes Marktergebnis herzustellen. Begründer dieser Theorie ist Michael Spence, der seine Theorie zum Arbeitsmarkt 1973 veröffentlichte. (de)
  • En économie un signal est une information donnée par un émetteur qui aide le récepteur à prendre une décision. Il est donc nécessaire dans des jeux de principal–agent afin que l'agent se signale et que le principal interprète ce signal. La question de la crédibilité du signal est elle aussi importante car même un signal non crédible donne tout de même plus d'information qu'une absence de signal. La théorie des signaux est développée dans le cadre de la théorie des contrats. (fr)
  • シグナリング (英: signaling) とは、市場において、情報の非対称性を伴った場合、私的情報を保有している者が、情報を持たない側に情報を開示するような行動をとるというミクロ経済学における概念である。労働者の能力を代替して判断する材料としての学歴などがシグナルである。 (ja)
  • 신호 효과(信號效果, 영어: signalling/signaling effect)는 경제학에서 정보 비대칭 상황(모든 사람이 똑같이 정보를 가지고 있지 않은 상황)에서, 더 많은 정보와 더 강력한 경쟁력을 가진 사람이 자신의 우월성을 드러낼 목적으로 특정한 수단을 사용할 때 나타나는 효과를 말한다. 즉, 신호 효과는 차별화 전략의 일종으로, 자신의 우월성을 간단하게 드러내기 위한 수단으로 볼 수 있다. (ko)
  • 在经济学中,信号是一方令人信服的向另一方提供自己的信息。比如在的就业市场信号模型中,潜在的雇员送出一个信号来证明自己的水平给雇主,该信号通常是提供自己的水平(包括文凭等等)。该凭据通常能为雇主衡量雇员水平时起到正面积极作用。 (zh)
  • La teoría de la señalización, en economía, estudia en el marco de la información asimétrica, los mecanismos utilizados en algunos mercados que resuelven los problemas de desequilibrio en la información. La utilización, bajo ciertas condiciones, por los participantes en un mercado, bien informados, que mejoran los resultados de sus transacciones al señalizar su información privada a la contraparte que no tiene medios, en principio, para distinguir adecuadamente.​ (es)
  • Seinaleztapen-teoriak (signaling ingelesezko izenez ezagunagoa denak) hurrengo egoera bat adierazten du: agente batek norberari buruzko edota ondasun baten inguruko informazio du, eta informazioa modu sinesgarrian transmititzen dio. Michael Spencek garatu zuen kontzeptua erakundeek langileak hautatzerako momentuan zuten jakintasun faltan oinarrituta, baina beste hainbat arlotan ere erabili zuen, esaterako Giza Baliabideen Kudeaketara, negozioetara eta finantza merkatuetara. (eu)
  • In contract theory, signalling (or signaling; see spelling differences) is the idea that one party (the agent) credibly conveys some information about itself to another party (the principal). Although signalling theory was initially developed by Michael Spence based on observed knowledge gaps between organisations and prospective employees, its intuitive nature led it to be adapted to many other domains, such as Human Resource Management, business, and financial markets. (en)
  • Na economia, a teoria da sinalização ou teoria dos sinais estuda, no âmbito das informações assimétricas, os mecanismos utilizados por alguns mercados no modo como resolvem os problemas de desequilíbrio de informações. A utilização da teoria, nos participantes do mercado, serve para melhorar as transações ao sinalizar suas informações privadas à contraparte. Em um dos exemplos do trabalho de Michael Spence, o empregado adquire credenciais sobre si, como educação, para sinalizar ao diretor que é qualificado para o cargo. O valor da informação vem do fato do empregador acreditar que a credencial está correlacionada com maior habilidade do candidato, reduzindo assim o risco de empregados com baixa habilidade. Portanto, o credencial permite o empregador distinguir empregados de baixa e alta ha (pt)
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