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Simulacra and Simulation (French: Simulacres et Simulation) is a 1981 philosophical treatise by the philosopher and cultural theorist Jean Baudrillard, in which the author seeks to examine the relationships between reality, symbols, and society, in particular the significations and symbolism of culture and media involved in constructing an understanding of shared existence. Simulacra are copies that depict things that either had no original, or that no longer have an original. Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time.

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  • Simulacres et Simulation (de)
  • Simulacres et Simulation (fr)
  • Simulacri e simulazione (it)
  • 시뮬라시옹 (ko)
  • Symulakry i symulacja (pl)
  • Simulacros e Simulação (pt)
  • Simulacra and Simulation (en)
  • Симулякры и симуляция (ru)
  • 擬像論 (zh)
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  • Simulacra and Simulation (French: Simulacres et Simulation) is a 1981 philosophical treatise by the philosopher and cultural theorist Jean Baudrillard, in which the author seeks to examine the relationships between reality, symbols, and society, in particular the significations and symbolism of culture and media involved in constructing an understanding of shared existence. Simulacra are copies that depict things that either had no original, or that no longer have an original. Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. (en)
  • Simulacres et Simulation est un ouvrage de Jean Baudrillard, publié en 1981 aux éditions Galilée. Le philosophe français y poursuit et approfondit sa réflexion sur le concept de simulacre qu'il avait commencée dans L'échange symbolique et la mort. L'ouvrage est composé de dix-huit parties : la première, la plus longue, intitulée « La précession des simulacres », approche la définition de la notion et de la nature du simulacre tandis que les autres parties sont des exemplifications de la simulation dans la société contemporaine occidentale. (fr)
  • Simulacri e simulazione è un trattato filosofico del 1981 di Jean Baudrillard, in cui l’autore cerca di esaminare le relazioni tra realtà, simboli e società, in particolare i significati e il simbolismo della cultura e dei media coinvolti nella costruzione di una comprensione di esistenza condivisa. (it)
  • 시뮬라크르(프랑스어: simulacre)는 존재하지 않지만 존재하는 것처럼, 때로는 존재하는 것보다 더 생생하게 인식되는 것들을 말하며, 시뮬라시옹(프랑스어: simulation)은 시뮬라크르가 작용하는 것을 말하는 동사이다. 이들은 장 보드리야르가 지은 책 《시뮬라크르와 시뮬라시옹》(프랑스어: Simulacres et Simulation)에서 나온 개념이다. 주로 대중 매체가 만들어 내어 시청자에게 각인시킴을 통해 작용한다. 책 《시뮬라크르와 시뮬라시옹》은 영화 《매트릭스》의 강력한 모티브가 된 책이기도 하다. 특히 《매트릭스》 3부작의 첫 편에는, 주인공 네오가 속이 비어 표지만 남아 있는 《시뮬라크르와 시뮬라시옹》을 꺼내는 장면을 삽입하여 이를 암시하였다. 그러나 보드리야르 자신은 《매트릭스》는 자신의 사상과는 아무런 관련이 없으며, 그 영화가 자신의 이론을 연관시키는 것은 오독의 결과라고 주장했다. (ko)
  • Symulakry i symulacja (tytuł oryginału: Simulacres et simulation) – tytuł książki napisanej przez Jeana Baudrillarda. (pl)
  • Simulacros e Simulação (em francês: Simulacres et Simulation) é um tratado filosófico de Jean Baudrillard que discute a relação entre realidade, símbolos e sociedade. Simulacros são cópias que representam elementos que nunca existiram ou que não possuem mais o seu equivalente na realidade. Simulação é a imitação de uma operação ou processo existente no mundo real. (pt)
  • 擬像論(simulacrum)由布希亞(Jean Baudrillard,1929-2007)在1981年時所提出的論述,布希亞認為擬像論是指,在我們的生活中,影像才是真實的存在,而實物卻不再是真實的存在,尤其在現今的消費為主的「超真實」時代中,每一件物品最重要的的東西就是一件又一件的包裝,而這些包裝就是由我們人類所製造出來的「擬像」,而「擬像論」其實是布希亞從阿多諾、霍克海默、列斐伏爾等人對於媒體操控的消費者感到的悲觀論述中承襲下來的結果論述,而在論述中布希亞認為身處於「超真實」的現今社會中,我們每一個人或多或少都會受到「擬像」的影響。這一理論也可以指一個知名人物為一個文化、符號象征。 布希亞認為是受到消費者的個人意識形態的影響,所造成的擬像現象;就以廣告舉例,在廣告中使用了大量的符號引誘著消費者,而這些符號卻成了商品的代名詞,從此符號與商品就成了一個無法分離的個體死死扣環著,並且誘使消費者的意識去接受,而讓消費者認為這是經過自己的「自由意識的選擇」,但其實消費者腦中所謂的「自由意識的選擇」只是選擇了製造商所要販售的物品,甚至當廣告中的符號與消費者個人的意識形態相互結合成為了品牌,而品牌呼喚起消費者對於產品的回憶,再讓消費者對於產品的種種美好印象全面湧現,造成了消費者對於產品的真實與想像的情感結合,使得消費者被這些東西給全面的控制住,卻全然不知。 (zh)
  • Simulacres et Simulation ist ein 1981 auf französisch erschienenes Buch des französischen Philosophen und Soziologen Jean Baudrillard. Dieser entwickelte darin seine Simulationstheorie weiter, die bereits in seinem Werk Der symbolische Tausch und der Tod von 1976 eine bedeutende Rolle spielte. (de)
  • «Симулякры и симуляция» (фр. Simulacres et Simulation) — философский трактат Жана Бодрийяра, написанный в 1981 году. В этом трактате Бодрийяр исследует взаимосвязи между реальностью, символами и обществом, обобщая предыдущие свои теоретические разработки. Работа состоит из 18 глав, каждая из которых могла бы представлять собой независимое произведение. Эпиграфом к работе служит фраза: Симулякр — это вовсе не то, что скрывает собой истину, — это истина, скрывающая, что её нет.Симулякр есть истина.Экклезиаст хотя на самом деле в Книге Екклезиаста таких слов нет. Он выделяет 4 фазы развития образа: (ru)
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  • Simulacra and Simulation (en)
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