Sir John William Anderson, 1st Baronet (ca. 1736 – 21 May 1813) was a British politician. Born in Danzig, he was the son of William Anderson and Lucy Sheldon who had settled in that town. Anderson was an alderman of Aldersgate between 1789 and 1813 and Sheriff of London between 1791 and 1792. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for London from 1793 to 1806. Between 1797 and 1798, Anderson was Lord Mayor of London. On 14 May 1798, he was made a baronet, of Mill Hill, Hendon, in the County of Middlesex.