About: Slate industry in Wales

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The existence of a slate industry in Wales is attested since the Roman period, when slate was used to roof the fort at Segontium, now Caernarfon. The slate industry grew slowly until the early 18th century, then expanded rapidly until the late 19th century, at which time the most important slate producing areas were in northwest Wales, including the Penrhyn Quarry near Bethesda, the Dinorwic Quarry near Llanberis, the Nantlle Valley quarries, and Blaenau Ffestiniog, where the slate was mined rather than quarried. Penrhyn and Dinorwig were the two largest slate quarries in the world, and the Oakeley mine at Blaenau Ffestiniog was the largest slate mine in the world. Slate is mainly used for roofing, but is also produced as thicker slab for a variety of uses including flooring, worktops and

Attributes	Values
rdf:type	Thing place dbo:Location schema:Place World Heritage Site World Heritage Site
rdfs:label	Slate industry in Wales (en) Schieferindustrie in Wales (de) Industria de pizarra en Gales (es) Industrie ardoisière au pays de Galles (fr) Сланцевая промышленность Уэльса (ru) 威尔士板岩业 (zh)
rdfs:comment	Die Schieferindustrie in Wales geht auf die Zeit der Herrschaft des Römischen Reiches über Britannien zurück. Dachschindeln aus Schiefer wurden bereits beim Bau eines römischen Lagers in der Nähe des heutigen Caernarfon verwendet. Bis zum Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts hatte dieser Industriezweig nur geringe Bedeutung für die walisische Wirtschaft. In der Zeit der Industrialisierung des 19. Jahrhunderts jedoch wurden Abbau und Verarbeitung von Schiefer neben dem Steinkohlenbergbau zum wichtigsten Industriezweig in Wales. Gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts lagen die wichtigsten Abbauregionen im nordwestlichen Wales. Der Penrhyn- und der Dinorwic-Steinbruch in der Nähe von Llanberis waren zu diesem Zeitpunkt die beiden größten Schiefersteinbrüche der Welt. Die Oakeley-Mine von Blaenau Ffestiniog, (de) La industria de pizarra en Gales comenzó durante el período romano cuando la pizarra era utilizada para hacer techo de la fortaleza de Segontium, ahora Caernarvon. La industria de la pizarra creció lentamente hasta principios del siglo XVIII, luego se expandió rápidamente hasta finales del siglo XIX, en que las áreas más importantes que producían pizarra estaban en el noroeste de Gales, incluyendo Penrhyn Quarry cerca de Bethesda, Dinorwic Quarry cerca de Llanberis, las canteras del Valle Nantlle, y Blaenau Ffestinoig. Penrhyn y Dinorwig eran las canteras de pizarra principales del mundo, y la mina Oakeley en Blaneau Ffestiniog era la mayor mina de pizarra en el mundo. La pizarra se utiliza en los techos, pero también es producida como una losa gruesa para una variedad de usos incluyendo (es) The existence of a slate industry in Wales is attested since the Roman period, when slate was used to roof the fort at Segontium, now Caernarfon. The slate industry grew slowly until the early 18th century, then expanded rapidly until the late 19th century, at which time the most important slate producing areas were in northwest Wales, including the Penrhyn Quarry near Bethesda, the Dinorwic Quarry near Llanberis, the Nantlle Valley quarries, and Blaenau Ffestiniog, where the slate was mined rather than quarried. Penrhyn and Dinorwig were the two largest slate quarries in the world, and the Oakeley mine at Blaenau Ffestiniog was the largest slate mine in the world. Slate is mainly used for roofing, but is also produced as thicker slab for a variety of uses including flooring, worktops and (en) Les débuts de l'industrie ardoisière au pays de Galles remontent à la conquête de la Grande-Bretagne par les Romains, au Ier siècle, lorsque ceux-ci eurent recours à l'ardoise pour la couverture du toit du fort de Segontium, sur le site de l'actuelle ville de Caernarfon. L'ardoise fut ensuite utilisée de manière sporadique jusqu'au début du XVIIIe siècle, époque à partir de laquelle son exploitation fut mise en œuvre à plus grande échelle, jusqu'à atteindre son apogée à la fin du XIXe siècle. Les ardoisières les plus importantes étaient alors situées dans le nord-ouest du pays de Galles, avec notamment les carrières de Penrhyn (dans les environs de ), de (près de Llanberis) et celles des environs de . La petite ville de , littéralement enclavée dans les déchets d'exploitation, était le si (fr) Сланцевая промышленность Уэльса — отрасль экономики Уэльса, которая начала формироваться ещё во времена римского владычества на этих территориях, когда шифер, производимый из добываемых сланцев, использовался для устройства крыш фортов в Сегонтиуме (ныне Карнарвон). Сланцевая промышленность развивалась медленно до начала XVIII века, но затем начала быстро расти до конца 19 века. В этот период времени важнейшим районом добычи сланцев стал северо-запад Уэльса, в том числе карьер Пенрин возле Бедесды, карьер Динорвик возле Лланбериса, карьеры Нэнтлл-Вэллью и месторождения около города Блайнай-Фестиниог, где сланцы добывали в подземных шахтах, а не в открытых карьерах. Пенрин и Динорвиг были двумя крупнейшими сланцевыми карьерами в мире, а рудник Окели в Блайнай-Фестиниог был крупнейшей сланце (ru) 威尔士板岩业自罗马時期就已出現，当时板岩被用来建造堡垒的屋顶。板岩业直到18世纪初才缓慢增长，到19世纪后期開始迅速扩张，当时最重要的板岩产区位於威爾斯西北部，包括贝塞斯达附近的Penrhyn采石场、蘭貝里斯附近的迪諾里奇板巖採石場、Nantlle山谷采石场和Blaenau Ffestiniog。Penrhyn和Dinorwig是世界上最大的两个板岩采石场，Blaenau Ffestiniog的Oakeley矿是世界上最大的板岩矿。直到18世纪末，石板都是由一群采石工人小规模开采，他们向地主支付特许权使用费，把石板运到港口，然后运到英格兰、爱尔兰，有时也运到法国。後來地主开始自己经营采石场。在1831年政府取消了板岩税后，人們建造了窄轨铁路並将板岩运到港口，从而推动了板岩業的快速發展。 19世纪下半叶，板岩业成為了威尔士西北部的主導產業。1898年，17,000名工人生产了50万吨石板。1900年至1903年期间，Penrhyn采石场发生了一场激烈的勞資纠纷，标志着该行业开始衰落，在第一次世界大战期间，该行业從事的的人数大大减少。大萧条和第二次世界大战导致许多较小的采石场关闭，而来自其他建築材料的竞争，例如平鋪磚瓦的生產，也导致許多较大的采石场在20世纪60年代和70年代逐步关闭。板岩的生产规模继续缩小。 (zh)
foaf:depiction
dcterms:subject	Roof tiles Industrial history of Wales Mining in Wales The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales Slate industry in Wales
Wikipage page ID	6852933 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1120022677 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Caernarfon Cambrian Cardiff Pound sterling Quarry Roman Britain Minutes Betws-y-Coed Blaenau Ffestiniog Denbigh Roof tiles Apprenticeship Pembrokeshire Penrhyn Quarry Penrhyn Quarry Railway Penrhyn quarry Rhuddlan River Dee, Wales River Dyfi Industrial history of Wales De Winton Vaynol Corris Corris Railway Criccieth Menai Strait Narrow gauge railway Cilgwyn quarry Eisteddfod Electricity German Empire Glogue Dandy waggon Labor relations Anglesey Anglicanism Liberal Party (UK) Line shaft Llanberis Llangollen Llechwedd quarry Llwyngwern quarry London and North Western Railway Machynlleth Maentwrog Shipbuilding Silicosis Silurian Snowdon Steam engine Dean (religion) Strike action Mechanization Bangor, Wales Bryn Eglwys Bryn Eglwys quarry Centre for Alternative Technology Ton Trade union UNESCO Wales

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