| rdfs:comment
| - 社会的分業（しゃかいてきぶんぎょう）とは社会において労働する者が専門の仕事をするようになることで、そこから社会そのものが職業別の集団に分かれていくということ。古代ならば集落などといった一つの社会の中で働いていた者は一人で複数の業務を行う兼業であったのが、一人で行う業務の数が減少していき、得意な事柄の一つだけを行い続けるという形で働くようになるということである。このことから社会に存在する職業の数も増えるということである。農業、工業、商業という業種が存在したのも古代において発生した社会的分業からである。 社会的分業というのは資本主義の始まりでもある。社会において人間が必要とするもの全てを一人で作ることは不可能になった時に、自分は他の人が作った物を貰うようになり、代わりに自分の作った物を与えるという交換を行うようになっていった。このことから社会的分業が発展していき、その交換を基として成り立っているような社会が資本主義なわけである。 (ja)
- A expressão divisão do trabalho é encontrada em estudos oriundos de diversas áreas do conhecimento, como a economia, a sociologia, a antropologia, a história, a saúde, a educação, dentre outras, e tem sido utilizada com diversas variações. Em termos genéricos, refere-se às diferentes formas que os seres humanos, ao viverem em sociedades históricas, produzem e reproduzem a vida. (pt)
- 三次社会大分工是马克思主义所使用的名词。马克思主义者认为该事件发生在原始社会末期的新石器时代的三次重大的社会变革。 (zh)
- Social division of labor, one of the two aspects of the division of labor, is the social structural foundation of the specialized commodity production divided between industries, firms, and occupations of workers (otherwise known as the technical division of tasks). Marxists argue that capitalism, and modes of production in general, change through revolutions in the means of production, which result in populations of unemployed workers who are over-specialized in niche occupations and, as a result, are unable to reenter the labor force amid spiraling unemployment. (en)
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| has abstract
| - Social division of labor, one of the two aspects of the division of labor, is the social structural foundation of the specialized commodity production divided between industries, firms, and occupations of workers (otherwise known as the technical division of tasks). Before the emergence of centralized manufacturing, individuals specialized in the development of one product and traded it for finished products made by other individuals. While this relationship can describe specialized trades within a community, such as master sewers, blacksmiths, and farmers, it can also refer to the specializations of several networked communities. For example, one community might make clothes for the purpose of exchange, while another makes tools and a third produces food for the same purpose. Social division of labor greatly increases productivity, because individuals can work on whichever product provides them a comparative advantage, and then trade it to the individuals who cannot efficiently produce it. The social division of labor also creates exchange markets and prices, which operate in part by comparing the cost and time required to make each product. This type of relationship can be socially and economically advantageous; however, too much specialization can also lead to major disadvantages. First, if a community specializes too heavily on a product, they can become dependent on the success of that product and will experience an economic disaster if the product is replaced (or becomes extinct). For example, if bananas go extinct or grow under bad seasonal conditions in Ecuador, the economy will suffer along with the whole community. A second disadvantage develops if all communities come to rely on a product developed by a single community, because that community would then have a monopoly on that product and would be able to withhold production for their own benefit. The third disadvantage is that individual workers, now specialized for particular occupational skillsets, may be vulnerable to economic reorganizations. These can be triggered by volatile 'product cycles' and the development of new industries, where representation in union constituencies is different from that of older, outsourced, or automated ones (for example, financial services vs. weaving). Marxists argue that capitalism, and modes of production in general, change through revolutions in the means of production, which result in populations of unemployed workers who are over-specialized in niche occupations and, as a result, are unable to reenter the labor force amid spiraling unemployment. (en)
- 社会的分業（しゃかいてきぶんぎょう）とは社会において労働する者が専門の仕事をするようになることで、そこから社会そのものが職業別の集団に分かれていくということ。古代ならば集落などといった一つの社会の中で働いていた者は一人で複数の業務を行う兼業であったのが、一人で行う業務の数が減少していき、得意な事柄の一つだけを行い続けるという形で働くようになるということである。このことから社会に存在する職業の数も増えるということである。農業、工業、商業という業種が存在したのも古代において発生した社会的分業からである。 社会的分業というのは資本主義の始まりでもある。社会において人間が必要とするもの全てを一人で作ることは不可能になった時に、自分は他の人が作った物を貰うようになり、代わりに自分の作った物を与えるという交換を行うようになっていった。このことから社会的分業が発展していき、その交換を基として成り立っているような社会が資本主義なわけである。 (ja)
- A expressão divisão do trabalho é encontrada em estudos oriundos de diversas áreas do conhecimento, como a economia, a sociologia, a antropologia, a história, a saúde, a educação, dentre outras, e tem sido utilizada com diversas variações. Em termos genéricos, refere-se às diferentes formas que os seres humanos, ao viverem em sociedades históricas, produzem e reproduzem a vida. (pt)
- 三次社会大分工是马克思主义所使用的名词。马克思主义者认为该事件发生在原始社会末期的新石器时代的三次重大的社会变革。 (zh)
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