About: Sotho tonology

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Like most other Niger–Congo languages, Sesotho is a tonal language, spoken with two basic tones, high (H) and low (L). The Sesotho grammatical tone system (unlike the lexical tone system used in Mandarin, for example) is rather complex and uses a large number of "sandhi" rules. The tone of a syllable is carried by the vowel, or the nasal, if the nasal is syllabic. The tone carried by syllabic /l̩/ (and, in Northern Sotho and Setswana, syllabic ⟨r⟩ is left over from the elided vowel.

Attributes	Values
rdf:type	Thing language
rdfs:label	Sotho tonology (en)
rdfs:comment	Like most other Niger–Congo languages, Sesotho is a tonal language, spoken with two basic tones, high (H) and low (L). The Sesotho grammatical tone system (unlike the lexical tone system used in Mandarin, for example) is rather complex and uses a large number of "sandhi" rules. The tone of a syllable is carried by the vowel, or the nasal, if the nasal is syllabic. The tone carried by syllabic /l̩/ (and, in Northern Sotho and Setswana, syllabic ⟨r⟩ is left over from the elided vowel. (en)
dcterms:subject	Sotho language
Wikipage page ID	10748080 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1118883087 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Benedict Wallet Vilakazi Homophone Depressor consonant Downdrift Syllable onset Clement Martyn Doke Grammatical aspect Grammatical tense Morpheme Obligatory contour principle Lesotho Mandarin Chinese Sotho language Idiolect Toneme Katherine Demuth Minimal pair Downstep (phonetics) Breathy voice Northern Sotho language Basotho Grammatical mood Niger–Congo languages International Phonetic Alphabet Tonal language Autosegmental phonology South Africa Nguni languages Ogg Sesotho grammar Sesotho orthography Sotho–Tswana languages Tone sandhi Sesotho Sesotho concords Sesotho parts of speech Sesotho phonology Sesotho verbs Setswana Bapedi Graminaceae Allotone
sameAs	Sotho tonology Sotho tonology Sotho tonology
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description	Audio sample of the examples (en) Audio sample of the examples below (en)
filename	Sesotho_tone.ogg (en) Sesotho_tone_charact.ogg (en) Sesotho_tone_determining.ogg (en) Sesotho_tone_grammat.ogg (en) Sesotho_tone_semant.ogg (en)
format	Ogg
title	Grammatical tone (en) Characteristic tone (en) Determining the characteristic tone of a word (en) Semantic tone (en) Tone examples (en)
has abstract	Like most other Niger–Congo languages, Sesotho is a tonal language, spoken with two basic tones, high (H) and low (L). The Sesotho grammatical tone system (unlike the lexical tone system used in Mandarin, for example) is rather complex and uses a large number of "sandhi" rules. However, the Sesotho system is by no means the most complicated, nor even one of the more complicated. For example, there exist African grammatical tone languages with much more than just two tonemes, and the existence of breathy voiced consonants in the Nguni and other languages greatly complicates their tonology. (In Sesotho there is absolutely no interaction whatsoever between the tonemes and phones of the syllables.) There are also very few instances of "floating" tones, and fewer grammatical constructs indicated purely by a change in tone. (The most common instances of this are rule 1 of the plain copulative and the formation of many positive participial sub-mood clauses.) The rules are generally not very dramatic either, and there is generally a very strong tendency to preserve underlying high tones. (For example, in the Nguni languages the underlying high tone of verb stems, subjectival concords, the noun pre-prefix, and/or objectival concords often shifts several syllables to the right, to the antepenultimate or penultimate syllable.) The tone of a syllable is carried by the vowel, or the nasal, if the nasal is syllabic. The tone carried by syllabic /l̩/ (and, in Northern Sotho and Setswana, syllabic ⟨r⟩ is left over from the elided vowel. (en)
gold:hypernym	Language
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Sotho_tonology?oldid=1118883087&ns=0
page length (characters) of wiki page	42862 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
sound recording	dbr:Sotho_tonology__Sound__1
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	wikipedia-en:Sotho_tonology
is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage of	Sesotho grammar Sesotho tonology
is Wikipage redirect of	Sesotho tonology
is foaf:primaryTopic of	wikipedia-en:Sotho_tonology

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