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| - Chart |xAxisTitle=Design Speed [mph] |yAxisTitle=Distance [feet] |colors=purple,green,blue,yellow |type=line |interpolate=monotone |legend=Sight Distance Type |y1Title=Stopping |y2Title=Decision |y3Title=Passing |y4Title=Corner
|x=10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80
|y1=50,100,125,150,200,250,300,360,430,500,580,660,750,840,930
|y2=,,,,450,525,600,675,750,865,990,1050,1105,1180,1260
|y3=,,800,950,1100,1300,1500,1650,1800,1950,2100,2300,2500,2600,2700
|y4=,,,275,330,385,440,495,550,605,660,715,770 (en)
- Chart |xAxisTitle=Speed [mph] |yAxisTitle=Distance [feet] |colors=red,green,orange |type=line |interpolate=monotone |legend=Distance Type |y1Title=Stopping Sight |y2Title=Breaking, Cars |y3Title=Breaking, Tucks
|x=10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80
|y1=50,100,125,150,200,250,300,360,430,500,580,660,750,840,930
|y2=27,44,63,85,109,135,164,195,229,265,303,344,387,433,481,531,584,639,696
|y3=28,47,69,95,123,155,190,228,269,313,361,411,465,522,582,646,712,782,855 (en)
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| has abstract
| - Stopping sight distance is one of several types of sight distance used in road design. It is a near worst-case distance a vehicle driver needs to be able to see in order to have room to stop before colliding with something in the roadway, such as a pedestrian in a crosswalk, a stopped vehicle, or road debris. Insufficient sight distance can adversely affect the safety or operations of a roadway or intersection. Stopping sight distance is the distance traveled during the two phases of stopping a vehicle: perception-reaction time (PRT), and maneuver time (MT). Perception-reaction time is the time it takes for a road user to realize that a reaction is needed due to a road condition, decide what maneuver is appropriate (in this case, stopping the vehicle), and start the maneuver (taking the foot off the accelerator and depressing the brake pedal). Maneuver time is the time it takes to complete the maneuver (decelerating and coming to a stop). The distance driven during perception-reaction time and maneuver time is the sight distance needed. The design standards of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) allow 1.5 seconds for perception time and 1.0 second for reaction time. The values of stopping sight distance used in design represent a near worst-case situation. For design, a conservative distance is needed to allow a vehicle traveling at design speed to stop before reaching a stationary object in its path. A generous amount of time is given for the perception-reaction process, and a fairly low rate of deceleration is used. The design sight distance allows a below-average driver to stop in time to avoid a collision in most cases. Driver perception/reaction distance is calculated by: dPRT = 0.278 Vt (metric)dPRT = 1.47 Vt (US customary) Where: dPRT = driver perception-reaction distance, m (ft)V = design speed, km/h (mph)t = brake reaction time, in seconds Based on the results of many studies, 2.5 seconds has been chosen for a perception-reaction time. This time will accommodate approximately 90 percent of all drivers when confronted with simple to moderately complex highway situations. Greater reaction time should be allowed in situations that are more complex. Braking distance is calculated by: dMT = 0.039 V2⁄a (metric)dMT> = 1.075 V2⁄a (US customary) where: dMT = braking distance, m (ft)V = design speed, km/h (mph)a = deceleration rate, m/s2 (ft/s2) Actual braking distances are affected by the vehicle type and condition, the incline of the road, the available traction, and numerous other factors. A deceleration rate of 3.4 m/s2 (11.2 ft/s2) is used to determine stopping sight distance. Approximately 90 percent of all drivers decelerate at rates greater than that. These values are within most drivers' ability to stay within his or her lane and maintain steering control. Also, most wet pavement surfaces and most vehicle braking systems are capable of providing enough braking force to exceed this deceleration rate. Stopping sight distance (SSD) is the sum of reaction distance and braking distance SSD = dPRT + dMTSSD = 0.278 Vt + 0.039 V2⁄a (metric)SSD = 1.47 Vt + 1.075 V2⁄a (US customary) (en)
- Stoppsträcka är den sträcka som ett fordon behöver för att stanna. Stoppsträckan består av två delar: reaktionssträcka och bromssträcka. Reaktionssträcka kallas den sträcka som bilen färdas från det att föraren upptäcker hindret tills han eller hon trycker på bromspedalen. Man räknar med att en nykter och utvilad bilist behöver ungefär en sekund för att reagera. Hastigheten 70 km/h motsvarar ungefär 20 m/s, och reaktionssträckan vid 70 km/h är alltså ungefär 20 meter. Många faktorer kan påverka ens reaktionsförmåga: stress, trötthet, irriterande/distraherande omgivning, medicinering samt påverkan av droger och alkohol. Som bilförare kan man förbättra sin reaktionsförmåga bland annat genom att vara utvilad, inte ha intagit något olämpligt innan påbörjad färd och inta när man sätter sig vid ratten. Bromssträcka kallas den sträcka som bilen färdas från att föraren börjat bromsa tills bilen har stannat. Bromssträckan under decelerationen beror bland annat på hastigheten, underlag, däck, bromsar, fordonets vikt. Sträckan är starkt beroende av hastigheten; fördubblad hastighet innebär fyra gånger så lång bromssträcka, och en måttlig hastighetsökning från 50 till 70 km/h ger dubbelt så lång bromssträcka. (sv)
- 停车视距是在中行车视距的一种，指汽车在行驶过程中，驾驶人员自看到前方障碍物时起，至达到障碍物前安全停止，所需的最短行车距离。停车视距由驾驶人员反应时间内车辆行驶的距离、车辆制动距离和车辆在障碍物前面停止的安全距离组成。 (zh)
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