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In physical cosmology, structure formation is the formation of galaxies, galaxy clusters and larger structures from small early density fluctuations. The universe, as is now known from observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, began in a hot, dense, nearly uniform state approximately 13.8 billion years ago. However, looking at the night sky today, structures on all scales can be seen, from stars and planets to galaxies. On even larger scales, galaxy clusters and sheet-like structures of galaxies are separated by enormous voids containing few galaxies. Structure formation attempts to model how these structures were formed by gravitational instability of small early ripples in spacetime density or another emergence.

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  • تشكل البنية (ar)
  • Formació d'estructures (ca)
  • Structure formation (en)
  • Formación de estructuras (es)
  • Formation des structures (fr)
  • Formação estrutural (pt)
  • 結構形成 (zh)
rdfs:comment
  • La formació d'estructures es refereix a un problema fonamental en cosmologia física. L'univers, com es coneix actualment a partir de les observacions de la radiació de fons de microones, va començar en un estat calent, dens i gairebé uniforme, fa 13.700 milions d'anys. No obstant això, mirant el cel actual, veiem estructures a totes les escales, des d'estels i planetes fins a galàxies i a escales molt majors, agrupacions galàctiques i enormes buits entre galàxies. Com s'ha format totes aquestes estructures a partir de l'uniforme univers primigeni? (ca)
  • La formation des structures est le processus primordial de genèse des structures de l'observable actuel à partir d'un état dense, chaud et surtout quasiment uniforme. Comprendre ce passage de l'homogène et uniforme à une grande diversité de structures est un enjeu fondamental en cosmologie. (fr)
  • La formación de estructuras se refiere a un problema fundamental en cosmología física. El Universo, como se conoce actualmente a partir de las observaciones de la radiación de fondo de microondas, empezó en un estado caliente, denso y casi uniforme hace 13 800 millones de años. Sin embargo, mirando el cielo actual, vemos estructuras a todas las escalas, desde estrellas y planetas hasta galaxias y a escalas mucho mayores, agrupaciones galácticas y enormes vacíos entre galaxias. ¿Cómo se han formado todas estas estructuras a partir del uniforme Universo primigenio?​​​​ (es)
  • A formação estrutural ou formação de estruturas se refere a um problema fundamental em cosmologia física. O Universo, como se conhece atualmente a partir das observações da radiação de fundo de microondas, iniciou num estado quente, denso e quase uniforme até há 13,7 mil milhões (português europeu) ou bilhões (português brasileiro) de anos. Entretanto, observando-se o céu atual, vemos estruturas em todas as escalas, desde estrelas planetas até galáxias e a escalas muito maiores, agrupamentos galácticos e enormes vazios entre galáxias. O estudo da formação estrutural procura responder a questão de como tal complexidade e variedade de estruturas se formou a partir de um início relativamente homogêneo no universo primordial. (pt)
  • 結構形成,在物理宇宙學中是指星系、星系團和更大的結構在早期的微小密度波動中形成。從對宇宙微波背景輻射的觀測可知,宇宙大約在138億年前於一個炙熱、稠密、幾乎均勻的狀態中開始。然而,在今天的天空中,我們可以看到所有尺度的結構,從恆星和行星到星系,在更大尺度上的星系團和星系的片狀結構被包含少量星系的巨大空洞隔開。構造形成試圖模擬這些結構是如何由早期微小密度波紋的引力不穩定性形成。 現在的Lambda-CDM模型成功地預測了觀測到的星系、星系團和空洞的大尺度分布;但是在單個星系的尺度上,由於涉及重子物理、氣體加熱和冷卻、恆星形成和迴響的高度非線性過程,存在許多複雜狀況。無論是透過觀測,如哈伯超深空,還是通過大型電腦模擬,瞭解星系形成過程是現代宇宙學研究的一個主要課題。 (zh)
  • يشير تشكل البنية إلى مشكلة جوهرية في علم الكون الفيزيائي، فالكون كما يعرف اليوم من ملاحظة إشعاع الخلفية الميكروني الكوني بدأ بحالة بسيطة كثيفة ساخنة قبل 13,7 مليار عام، لكن يرى في السماء اليوم بنًى من كل الأحجام مثل الكواكب والنجوم والمجرات وحتى مجموعات وعناقيد المجرات وفراغ هائل بين المجرات. فكيف تكون كل هذا من كون بدائي بسيط الشكل؟ (ar)
  • In physical cosmology, structure formation is the formation of galaxies, galaxy clusters and larger structures from small early density fluctuations. The universe, as is now known from observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, began in a hot, dense, nearly uniform state approximately 13.8 billion years ago. However, looking at the night sky today, structures on all scales can be seen, from stars and planets to galaxies. On even larger scales, galaxy clusters and sheet-like structures of galaxies are separated by enormous voids containing few galaxies. Structure formation attempts to model how these structures were formed by gravitational instability of small early ripples in spacetime density or another emergence. (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LCDM.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Structure_mode_history.svg
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