Tō-on (唐音, Japanese pronunciation: [toꜜːoɴ], "Tang sound"), also pronounced "tō-in", are Japanese kanji readings imported from China by Zen monks and merchants during and after the Song dynasty. This period roughly corresponds with the mid-Heian to Edo periods of Japan. During the Muromachi period, they were referred to as "sō-on" (宋音, "Song sound"). Together, they are collectively known as "tōsō-on" (唐宋音). Tō-on readings are not systematic, as they were introduced piecemeal from China, often along with very specialized terminology.
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| - Tō-on (fr)
- 唐音 (ja)
- Tō-on (en)
- 唐音 (zh)
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| - 唐音（とうおん・とういん）は、日本漢字音（音読み）において平安時代中期以降、江戸時代末期までに中国から入ってきた字音にもとづくものをいう。宋以降の字音である。唐音の唐は、漢音・呉音と同様に、王朝名を表す（唐朝）のではなく、中国を表す語（唐土）である。 (ja)
- 唐音是日本漢字音（音讀）的一類。廣義的「唐音」（唐宋音）指鎌倉時代以後直至近代傳入日本的漢字音，也就是明清時期的南方標準語「南京官話」。包含室町時代傳入的「宋音」與狹義的「唐音」，即江戶時代（明清）傳入的漢字音。「唐音」的「唐」與「吳音」的「吳」和「漢音」的「漢」一樣，並非指朝代，而是對中國的泛稱。本文以論述狹義的唐音為主。 (zh)
- Tō-on ou tō-in (唐音, littéralement « prononciation Tang ») est la prononciation provenant des prononciations des dynasties chinoises à partir du Xe siècle (dynasties Song, Yuan, Ming et Qing et non pas Tang, contrairement à ce que suggère son nom), dans la prononciation phonétique on'yomi (音読み) des caractères chinois kanjis (漢字) en japonais. Elle se distingue de la prononciation go-on (呉音), originaire de la famille des langues Wu (parlées à Shanghaï, ainsi que dans les provinces du Jiangsu et Zhejiang, ancien royaume de Wu) et de la prononciation kan-on (漢音, littéralement « prononciation han »), prononciation provenant de la dynastie Tang entre les VIIe et IXe siècles pendant la période Nara, au Japon. (fr)
- Tō-on (唐音, Japanese pronunciation: [toꜜːoɴ], "Tang sound"), also pronounced "tō-in", are Japanese kanji readings imported from China by Zen monks and merchants during and after the Song dynasty. This period roughly corresponds with the mid-Heian to Edo periods of Japan. During the Muromachi period, they were referred to as "sō-on" (宋音, "Song sound"). Together, they are collectively known as "tōsō-on" (唐宋音). Tō-on readings are not systematic, as they were introduced piecemeal from China, often along with very specialized terminology. (en)
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| - Tō-on ou tō-in (唐音, littéralement « prononciation Tang ») est la prononciation provenant des prononciations des dynasties chinoises à partir du Xe siècle (dynasties Song, Yuan, Ming et Qing et non pas Tang, contrairement à ce que suggère son nom), dans la prononciation phonétique on'yomi (音読み) des caractères chinois kanjis (漢字) en japonais. Elle se distingue de la prononciation go-on (呉音), originaire de la famille des langues Wu (parlées à Shanghaï, ainsi que dans les provinces du Jiangsu et Zhejiang, ancien royaume de Wu) et de la prononciation kan-on (漢音, littéralement « prononciation han »), prononciation provenant de la dynastie Tang entre les VIIe et IXe siècles pendant la période Nara, au Japon. L'autre famille de prononciation des kanjis est la prononciation kun'yomi (訓読み, lit. « prononciation sémantique »), dont la sémantique chinoise est conservée, mais la prononciation d'origine japonaise est utilisée. (fr)
- Tō-on (唐音, Japanese pronunciation: [toꜜːoɴ], "Tang sound"), also pronounced "tō-in", are Japanese kanji readings imported from China by Zen monks and merchants during and after the Song dynasty. This period roughly corresponds with the mid-Heian to Edo periods of Japan. During the Muromachi period, they were referred to as "sō-on" (宋音, "Song sound"). Together, they are collectively known as "tōsō-on" (唐宋音). Scholars divide tō-on into two groups: those that are based on Zen of the Middle Ages, and those based on the Ōbaku school of Buddhism of the Middle Ages. The latter are the readings sometimes referred to as "sō-on". Tō-on readings are not systematic, as they were introduced piecemeal from China, often along with very specialized terminology. Examples of words and characters using tō-on readings include: chair (椅子, isu), futon (蒲団), paper lantern (行灯, andon), Ming (明, min) and Qing (清, shin). The Ōbaku Zen school of Buddhism uses Tō-on exclusively for liturgy. (en)
- 唐音（とうおん・とういん）は、日本漢字音（音読み）において平安時代中期以降、江戸時代末期までに中国から入ってきた字音にもとづくものをいう。宋以降の字音である。唐音の唐は、漢音・呉音と同様に、王朝名を表す（唐朝）のではなく、中国を表す語（唐土）である。 (ja)
- 唐音是日本漢字音（音讀）的一類。廣義的「唐音」（唐宋音）指鎌倉時代以後直至近代傳入日本的漢字音，也就是明清時期的南方標準語「南京官話」。包含室町時代傳入的「宋音」與狹義的「唐音」，即江戶時代（明清）傳入的漢字音。「唐音」的「唐」與「吳音」的「吳」和「漢音」的「漢」一樣，並非指朝代，而是對中國的泛稱。本文以論述狹義的唐音為主。 (zh)
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