Tawhaki Patera is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It is located on Io's leading hemisphere at 3°19′N 76°11′W / 3.32°N 76.18°W within the equatorial plains of western . Tawhaki is an Ionian patera, a type of volcanic crater similar to a caldera, 49.8 kilometers (30.9 mi) wide and 550 meters (1,800 ft) deep. The volcano was formally named Tawhaki Patera by the International Astronomical Union in 2000 after the Māori lightning god, Tāwhaki. The Galileo imaging team suggested the name Hine-i-tapeka Patera, but Tawhaki Patera was chosen instead.
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| - Tawhaki Patera (it)
- Tawhaki Patera (en)
- 塔瓦基火山口 (zh)
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| - La Tawhaki Patera è una struttura geologica della superficie di Io. (it)
- Tawhaki Patera is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It is located on Io's leading hemisphere at 3°19′N 76°11′W / 3.32°N 76.18°W within the equatorial plains of western . Tawhaki is an Ionian patera, a type of volcanic crater similar to a caldera, 49.8 kilometers (30.9 mi) wide and 550 meters (1,800 ft) deep. The volcano was formally named Tawhaki Patera by the International Astronomical Union in 2000 after the Māori lightning god, Tāwhaki. The Galileo imaging team suggested the name Hine-i-tapeka Patera, but Tawhaki Patera was chosen instead. (en)
- 塔瓦基火山口（Tawhaki Patera）是木星的卫星木卫一上一座活跃的火山，位于前导半球米底亚区西部北纬3.32度、西经76.18度处，它是一座类似于破火山口的火山坑，宽49.8公里（30.9英里）、深约550米（1800英尺）。 在1979年3月“旅行者1号”首次拍摄的低分辨率照片中，塔瓦基火山口被显示为一个黑色斑点，直到1997年9月，才观测到塔瓦基火山口有火山活动。当时木卫一正处于木星的阴影中，“伽利略号探测器”上的相机在近红外波段观测到了一个明亮的“热点”。1997年11月，在木卫一日食期间，位于第11轨道上的“伽利略探测器”也观察到作为一个热点的塔瓦基火山口，它的爆发高温期直到1998年5月才结束，目前尚不清楚这一延期是否是由于塔瓦基火山口的活动发生了实际变化，还是“旅行者”数据和“伽利略”近红外测绘光谱仪（NIMS）数据分辨率差所致。 2000年，国际天文联合会以毛利神话中的闪电神“塔瓦基”（Tāwhaki）之名正式命名该火山为塔瓦基火山口。伽利略成像团队曾推荐采用“希涅·伊·塔佩卡火山口”（Hine-i-Tapeka Patera）之名，但最终选中的是“塔瓦基火山口”。 (zh)
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| - Tawhaki Patera is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It is located on Io's leading hemisphere at 3°19′N 76°11′W / 3.32°N 76.18°W within the equatorial plains of western . Tawhaki is an Ionian patera, a type of volcanic crater similar to a caldera, 49.8 kilometers (30.9 mi) wide and 550 meters (1,800 ft) deep. Tawhaki Patera was first seen as a dark spot in low-resolution Voyager 1 in March 1979. However, volcanic activity was not observed at Tawhaki until September 1997 when a bright thermal hotspot was observed at near-infrared wavelengths while Io was in the shadow of Jupiter by the camera on the Galileo spacecraft. Tawhaki would also be observed as a hotspot while Io was in eclipse in November 1997 during Galileo's eleventh orbit. The high temperature period of the eruption at Tawhaki ceased by May 1998. It is uncertain whether this delay is due to real changes in activity at Tawhaki or the poor resolution of the Voyager data and Galileo data from the Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS). Tawhaki Patera is one of several volcanoes suspected of being responsible for the August 2, 1999 9908A outburst eruption, one of the most energetic observed on Io. However, the low-resolution of the ground-based observation precludes a definitive identification of the source volcano of the eruption beyond that it was located in northwestern Media Regio on Io's leading hemisphere. The NIMS instrument did detect a thermal hotspot between one and five micrometres at Tawhaki during Galileo's 21st orbit in July 1999, a month prior to the eruption. The southern half of Tawhaki Patera was observed by Galileo at 260 meters per pixel during an encounter with Io on November 26, 1999, providing the highest resolution image of this volcano. This along with a color observation taken in July 1999, showed that the floor of Tawhaki contained some of the darkest material in the area, suggesting the cooled lava at Tawhaki is very young, consistent with the activity seen during the Galileo mission. A lava channel, later named Tawhaki Vallis was also found to the southeast. The channel maybe related to earlier activity at Tawhaki Patera, but the images of the region cut off the northern half of the volcano and channel, preventing a relationship between the two volcanic features to be established. In August 2001, NIMS once again observed a low level of activity at Tawhaki Patera. The volcano was formally named Tawhaki Patera by the International Astronomical Union in 2000 after the Māori lightning god, Tāwhaki. The Galileo imaging team suggested the name Hine-i-tapeka Patera, but Tawhaki Patera was chosen instead. (en)
- La Tawhaki Patera è una struttura geologica della superficie di Io. (it)
- 塔瓦基火山口（Tawhaki Patera）是木星的卫星木卫一上一座活跃的火山，位于前导半球米底亚区西部北纬3.32度、西经76.18度处，它是一座类似于破火山口的火山坑，宽49.8公里（30.9英里）、深约550米（1800英尺）。 在1979年3月“旅行者1号”首次拍摄的低分辨率照片中，塔瓦基火山口被显示为一个黑色斑点，直到1997年9月，才观测到塔瓦基火山口有火山活动。当时木卫一正处于木星的阴影中，“伽利略号探测器”上的相机在近红外波段观测到了一个明亮的“热点”。1997年11月，在木卫一日食期间，位于第11轨道上的“伽利略探测器”也观察到作为一个热点的塔瓦基火山口，它的爆发高温期直到1998年5月才结束，目前尚不清楚这一延期是否是由于塔瓦基火山口的活动发生了实际变化，还是“旅行者”数据和“伽利略”近红外测绘光谱仪（NIMS）数据分辨率差所致。 塔瓦基火山口曾被怀疑是1999年8月2日发生“9908A 爆炸喷发”的数座火山之一，“9908A喷发”是在木卫一上观测到的最大能量级的火山爆发之一。然而，地面低分辨率的观察无法确定火山爆发的源头，除此之外，它还位于木卫一前导半球的米底亚区西北。1999年7月，在“伽利略号”第21轨道运行期间，即喷发前一个月，近红外测绘光谱仪确实在塔瓦基火山口探测到一个1到5微米的热点。1999年11月26日，伽利略探测器在与木卫一的一次交会中拍摄到了每像素260米的塔瓦基火山口南半部分照片，提供了该火山高分辨率图像，该幅照片与1999年7月所拍摄的彩照一道，显示塔瓦基火山口坑底分布有一些该地区最黑的物质，表明塔瓦基火山口内的冷却熔岩非常年轻，这与伽利略任务期间所观察到的活动相一致。在它的东南方也发现了一条后被命名为“塔瓦基谷”的熔岩通道，该通道可能与塔瓦基火山口的早期活动有关，但该地区的图像切除了北半部的火山和通道部分，妨碍了对两者间关系的展示。2001年8月，近红外测绘光谱仪再次观察到塔瓦基火山口一次低能量级的火山活动。 2000年，国际天文联合会以毛利神话中的闪电神“塔瓦基”（Tāwhaki）之名正式命名该火山为塔瓦基火山口。伽利略成像团队曾推荐采用“希涅·伊·塔佩卡火山口”（Hine-i-Tapeka Patera）之名，但最终选中的是“塔瓦基火山口”。 (zh)
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