Thangata is a word deriving from the Chewa language of Malawi which has changed its meaning several times, although all meanings relate to agriculture. Its original, pre-colonial usage related to reciprocal help given in neighbours' fields or freely-given agricultural labour as thanks for a benefit. In colonial times, between 1891 and 1962, it generally meant agricultural labour given in lieu of a cash rent, and generally without any payment, by a tenant on an estate owned by a European. Thangata was often exploited, and tenants could be forced to work on the owners' crops for four to six months annually when they could have cultivated their own crops. From the 1920s, the name thangata was extended to situations where tenants were given seeds to grow set quotas of designated crops instead
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| - Thangata (fr)
- Thangata (en)
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| - Thangata is a word deriving from the Chewa language of Malawi which has changed its meaning several times, although all meanings relate to agriculture. Its original, pre-colonial usage related to reciprocal help given in neighbours' fields or freely-given agricultural labour as thanks for a benefit. In colonial times, between 1891 and 1962, it generally meant agricultural labour given in lieu of a cash rent, and generally without any payment, by a tenant on an estate owned by a European. Thangata was often exploited, and tenants could be forced to work on the owners' crops for four to six months annually when they could have cultivated their own crops. From the 1920s, the name thangata was extended to situations where tenants were given seeds to grow set quotas of designated crops instead (en)
- Thangata est un mot de la langue chewa, employé au Malawi, dont les diverses acceptions varient au fil du temps. Dans son acception originelle, il désigne une pratique d'entraide entre voisins, librement consentie, dans le domaine du travail agricole. À l'époque coloniale, de 1891 à 1962, il désigne un travail agricole effectué par un locataire pour le compte d'un propriétaire foncier européen, remplaçant un loyer en argent. Il s'agit d'un travail forcé, les locataires pouvant être contraints de travailler pour leurs propriétaires pendant quatre à six mois par an au lieu de se consacrer à leurs propres cultures. À partir des années 1920, le terme de thangata est étendu aux situations où les locataires reçoivent des semences leur permettant de cultiver les parcelles qui leur sont affectées. (fr)
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| - Thangata est un mot de la langue chewa, employé au Malawi, dont les diverses acceptions varient au fil du temps. Dans son acception originelle, il désigne une pratique d'entraide entre voisins, librement consentie, dans le domaine du travail agricole. À l'époque coloniale, de 1891 à 1962, il désigne un travail agricole effectué par un locataire pour le compte d'un propriétaire foncier européen, remplaçant un loyer en argent. Il s'agit d'un travail forcé, les locataires pouvant être contraints de travailler pour leurs propriétaires pendant quatre à six mois par an au lieu de se consacrer à leurs propres cultures. À partir des années 1920, le terme de thangata est étendu aux situations où les locataires reçoivent des semences leur permettant de cultiver les parcelles qui leur sont affectées. Les deux formes de thangata sont abolies en 1962. Avant et après l'indépendance, et jusqu'à présent, le terme est utilisé pour le travail précaire occasionnel en milieu rural, souvent dans les plantations de tabac, lequel reste considéré par les travailleurs concernés comme une forme d'exploitation. (fr)
- Thangata is a word deriving from the Chewa language of Malawi which has changed its meaning several times, although all meanings relate to agriculture. Its original, pre-colonial usage related to reciprocal help given in neighbours' fields or freely-given agricultural labour as thanks for a benefit. In colonial times, between 1891 and 1962, it generally meant agricultural labour given in lieu of a cash rent, and generally without any payment, by a tenant on an estate owned by a European. Thangata was often exploited, and tenants could be forced to work on the owners' crops for four to six months annually when they could have cultivated their own crops. From the 1920s, the name thangata was extended to situations where tenants were given seeds to grow set quotas of designated crops instead of providing cash or labour. Both forms of thangata were abolished in 1962, but both before and after independence and up to the present, the term has been used for short-term rural casual work, often on tobacco estates, which is considered by workers to be exploitative. (en)
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