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| - Thomas Baxter (fl. 1732–1740), was a schoolmaster and mathematician who published an erroneous method of squaring the circle. He was derided as a "pseudo-mathematician" by F. Y. Edgeworth, writing for the Dictionary of National Biography. This book has received harsh reviews from modern mathematicians and scholars. Antiquary Edward Peacock referred to it as "no doubt, great rubbish". Mathematician Augustus de Morgan included Baxter's proof among his Budget of Paradoxes (1872), dismissing it as an absurd work. The work was the reason Edgeworth gave Baxter the epithet, "pseudo-mathematician". (en)
- Thomas Baxter (fl. 1732–1740) foi um mestre escolar e matemático que publicou um método errôneo de quadratura do círculo. Foi ridicularizado como um "pseudo-matemático" por Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, escrevendo para o Dictionary of National Biography. Baxter publicou outro trabalho, Matho, or the Principles of Astronomy and Natural Philosophy accommodated to the Use of Younger Persons (Londres: 1740). Ao contrário de outras obras de Baxter, este volume conquistou considerável popularidade em sua época. (pt)
- Томас Бакстер — английский математик и школьный учитель, работавший в основном в 1732—1740 годах. Известен в первую очередь за создание неверного метода построения квадратуры круга. Фрэнсис Эджуорт в своём Национальном биографическом словаре писал о нём как о псевдоматематике. В 1740 Бакстер опубликовал другой труд: Matho, or the Principles of Astronomy and Natural Philosophy accommodated to the Use of Younger Persons. В отличие от предыдущей работы, эта была положительно воспринята коллегами и имела некоторую популярность. (ru)
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| - Thomas Baxter (fl. 1732–1740), was a schoolmaster and mathematician who published an erroneous method of squaring the circle. He was derided as a "pseudo-mathematician" by F. Y. Edgeworth, writing for the Dictionary of National Biography. When he was master of a private school at Crathorne, North Yorkshire, Baxter composed a book entitled The Circle squared (London: 1732), published in octavo. The mathematical book begins with the untrue assertion that "if the diameter of a circle be unity or one, the circumference of that circle will be 3.0625", where the value should correctly be pi. From this incorrect assumption, Baxter proves fourteen geometric theorems on circles, alongside some others on cones and ellipses, which Edgeworth refers to as of "equal absurdity" to Baxter's other assertions. Thomas Gent, who published the work, wrote in his reminisces, in The Life of Mr. Thomas Gent, that "as it never proved of any effect, it was converted to waste paper, to the great mortification of the author". This book has received harsh reviews from modern mathematicians and scholars. Antiquary Edward Peacock referred to it as "no doubt, great rubbish". Mathematician Augustus de Morgan included Baxter's proof among his Budget of Paradoxes (1872), dismissing it as an absurd work. The work was the reason Edgeworth gave Baxter the epithet, "pseudo-mathematician". Baxter published another work, Matho, or the Principles of Astronomy and Natural Philosophy accommodated to the Use of Younger Persons (London: 1740). Unlike Baxter's other work, this volume enjoyed considerable popularity in its time. (en)
- Thomas Baxter (fl. 1732–1740) foi um mestre escolar e matemático que publicou um método errôneo de quadratura do círculo. Foi ridicularizado como um "pseudo-matemático" por Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, escrevendo para o Dictionary of National Biography. Quando era mestre em uma escola particular em Crathorne, North Yorkshire, Baxter compôs um livro intitulado The Circle squared (Londres: 1732), publicado em octavo. O livro matemático começa com a falsa afirmação de que "se o diâmetro de um círculo for unidade ou um, a circunferência desse círculo será 3,0625", onde o valor correto deveria ser pi. A partir desta suposição incorreta, Baxter prova quatorze teoremas geométricos em círculos, ao lado de alguns outros em cones e elipses, ao qual Edgeworth se refere como sendo de "igual absurdo" às outras afirmações de Baxter. , que publicou a obra, escreveu em suas reminiscências, em The Life of Mr. Thomas Gent, que "como nunca provou qualquer efeito, foi convertido em resíduos de papel, para grande mortificação do autor". Este livro recebeu críticas severas de matemáticos e estudiosos modernos. O antiquário referiu-se a ele como "sem dúvida, grande lixo". O matemático Augustus De Morgan incluiu a prova de Baxter em seu Budget of Paradoxes (1872), descartando-a como uma obra absurda. O trabalho foi o motivo pelo qual Edgeworth deu a Baxter o epíteto "pseudo-matemático". Baxter publicou outro trabalho, Matho, or the Principles of Astronomy and Natural Philosophy accommodated to the Use of Younger Persons (Londres: 1740). Ao contrário de outras obras de Baxter, este volume conquistou considerável popularidade em sua época. (pt)
- Томас Бакстер — английский математик и школьный учитель, работавший в основном в 1732—1740 годах. Известен в первую очередь за создание неверного метода построения квадратуры круга. Фрэнсис Эджуорт в своём Национальном биографическом словаре писал о нём как о псевдоматематике. Он работал учителем школы в Норт-Йоркшире. В 1732 году опубликовал свой труд The Circle Squared, который содержал неверное утверждение без доказательства: «если диаметр круга равен единице, то длина его окружности равна 3,0625», в то время как реальная длина окружности будет равна числу пи; далее из этого утверждения следовало 14 неверных геометрических теорем. Публикация получила негативные отзывы и была отвергнута современниками. В 1740 Бакстер опубликовал другой труд: Matho, or the Principles of Astronomy and Natural Philosophy accommodated to the Use of Younger Persons. В отличие от предыдущей работы, эта была положительно воспринята коллегами и имела некоторую популярность. (ru)
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