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The Tibet Frontier Commission headed the British expedition to Tibet in 1903–04. The Commission comprised seven diplomats and army officers, led by Colonel Francis Younghusband. Despatched on the orders of Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India, the Commission was intended to establish diplomatic relations with the government of Tibet and, in particular, to resolve the dispute over the border between Tibet and Sikkim. The Commission was escorted by a large military force led by Brigadier-General J. R. L. Macdonald. However, the expedition was met with hostility by a Tibetan government uninterested in negotiation, and conflicts erupted, with the antiquated Tibetan army which was mostly armed with matchlocks and scythes proving no match for a professional army equipped with Maxim machine guns.

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  • Commission des frontières du Tibet (fr)
  • Tibet Frontier Commission (en)
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  • The Tibet Frontier Commission headed the British expedition to Tibet in 1903–04. The Commission comprised seven diplomats and army officers, led by Colonel Francis Younghusband. Despatched on the orders of Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India, the Commission was intended to establish diplomatic relations with the government of Tibet and, in particular, to resolve the dispute over the border between Tibet and Sikkim. The Commission was escorted by a large military force led by Brigadier-General J. R. L. Macdonald. However, the expedition was met with hostility by a Tibetan government uninterested in negotiation, and conflicts erupted, with the antiquated Tibetan army which was mostly armed with matchlocks and scythes proving no match for a professional army equipped with Maxim machine guns. (en)
  • La Commission des frontières du Tibet (en anglais Tibet Frontier Commission) a dirigé l' expédition britannique au Tibet (1903-04). La Commission comprenait sept diplomates et officiers de l'armée, dirigés par le colonel Francis Younghusband . Envoyée sur ordre de Lord Curzon, gouverneur général et vice-roi des Indes, la Commission avait pour but d'établir des relations diplomatiques avec le gouvernement du Tibet et, en particulier, de résoudre le différend sur la frontière entre le Tibet et le Sikkim . La Commission était escortée par une importante force militaire dirigée par le brigadier-général J.R.L. Macdonald . Cependant, l'expédition s'est heurtée à l'hostilité d'un gouvernement tibétain peu intéressé par la négociation, et des conflits ont éclaté, l'armée tibétaine désuète qui étai (fr)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Francis_Younghusband_1905.jpg
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  • La Commission des frontières du Tibet (en anglais Tibet Frontier Commission) a dirigé l' expédition britannique au Tibet (1903-04). La Commission comprenait sept diplomates et officiers de l'armée, dirigés par le colonel Francis Younghusband . Envoyée sur ordre de Lord Curzon, gouverneur général et vice-roi des Indes, la Commission avait pour but d'établir des relations diplomatiques avec le gouvernement du Tibet et, en particulier, de résoudre le différend sur la frontière entre le Tibet et le Sikkim . La Commission était escortée par une importante force militaire dirigée par le brigadier-général J.R.L. Macdonald . Cependant, l'expédition s'est heurtée à l'hostilité d'un gouvernement tibétain peu intéressé par la négociation, et des conflits ont éclaté, l'armée tibétaine désuète qui était principalement armée de mousquetons et de faux ne faisant pas le poids face à une armée professionnelle équipée de mitrailleuses Maxim . Le capitaine Herbert James Walton a servi comme médecin et naturaliste à la Commission et a pu faire une étude approfondie de la flore et de la faune du Tibet central et méridional durantla lente progression de l'expédition vers la capitale, Lhassa . (fr)
  • The Tibet Frontier Commission headed the British expedition to Tibet in 1903–04. The Commission comprised seven diplomats and army officers, led by Colonel Francis Younghusband. Despatched on the orders of Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India, the Commission was intended to establish diplomatic relations with the government of Tibet and, in particular, to resolve the dispute over the border between Tibet and Sikkim. The Commission was escorted by a large military force led by Brigadier-General J. R. L. Macdonald. However, the expedition was met with hostility by a Tibetan government uninterested in negotiation, and conflicts erupted, with the antiquated Tibetan army which was mostly armed with matchlocks and scythes proving no match for a professional army equipped with Maxim machine guns. Captain Herbert James Walton served as Medical Officer and Naturalist to the Commission, and was able to make a comprehensive study of the flora and fauna of the southern and central areas of Tibet during the expedition's slow progress to the capital, Lhasa. (en)
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