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"Torches of Freedom" was a phrase used to encourage women's smoking by exploiting women's aspirations for a better life during the early twentieth century first-wave feminism in the United States. Cigarettes were described as symbols of emancipation and equality with men. The term was first used by psychoanalyst A. A. Brill when describing the natural desire for women to smoke and was used by Edward Bernays to encourage women to smoke in public despite social taboos. Bernays hired women to march while smoking their "torches of freedom" in the Easter Sunday Parade of 31 March 1929, which was a significant moment for fighting social barriers for women smokers.

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  • Antorchas de la libertad (es)
  • Torches of Freedom (it)
  • Torches of Freedom (pl)
  • Факелы свободы (ru)
  • Torches of Freedom (en)
rdfs:comment
  • «Antorchas de la libertad» fue una expresión utilizada para animar a las mujeres a fumar aprovechando sus aspiraciones a una vida mejor durante la primera ola del feminismo del siglo XX en Estados Unidos. Los cigarrillos se describían como símbolos de emancipación e igualdad con los hombres. El término fue utilizado por primera vez por el psicoanalista Abraham Brill al describir el deseo natural de las mujeres de fumar y fue utilizado por Edward Bernays para animar a las mujeres a fumar en público a pesar de los tabúes sociales. Bernays contrató a mujeres para que desfilaran fumando sus "antorchas de la libertad" en el desfile del Domingo de Pascua del 31 de marzo de 1929, ​ lo que supuso un momento importante en la lucha contra las barreras sociales para las mujeres fumadoras. (es)
  • "Torches of Freedom" fu uno slogan utilizzato per incoraggiare le donne a fumare, facendo leva su loro desiderio di aspirare ad una vita migliore e ottenere l'uguaglianza con gli uomini durante il movimento di liberazione delle donne negli Stati Uniti. Divenne, in seguito, slogan di una delle più innovative campagne marketing realizzata da Edward Bernays: convincere le donne a fumare in pubblico significava espandere il mercato delle sigarette anche ad esse. Bernays, perciò, assunse delle donne per marciare durante la Easter Holiday Parade in New York del 1929, sfoggiando la loro «Torches of Freedom». La sigaretta divenne così simbolo di emancipazione e uguaglianza con gli uomini. (it)
  • "Torches of Freedom" was a phrase used to encourage women's smoking by exploiting women's aspirations for a better life during the early twentieth century first-wave feminism in the United States. Cigarettes were described as symbols of emancipation and equality with men. The term was first used by psychoanalyst A. A. Brill when describing the natural desire for women to smoke and was used by Edward Bernays to encourage women to smoke in public despite social taboos. Bernays hired women to march while smoking their "torches of freedom" in the Easter Sunday Parade of 31 March 1929, which was a significant moment for fighting social barriers for women smokers. (en)
  • Акция «Факелы свободы» — кампания по развитию табачного рынка в США, одна из главных работ американского пиарщика Э. Бернейса. В результате проведения данной кампании возникли масштабные сдвиги в культуре американского общества. (ru)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cigarette_ad_cyclist_1900.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kvinde-emancipation.gif
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Erdt_Illu1914_Batschari.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Woman_smoking_a_cigarette.jpg
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  • «Antorchas de la libertad» fue una expresión utilizada para animar a las mujeres a fumar aprovechando sus aspiraciones a una vida mejor durante la primera ola del feminismo del siglo XX en Estados Unidos. Los cigarrillos se describían como símbolos de emancipación e igualdad con los hombres. El término fue utilizado por primera vez por el psicoanalista Abraham Brill al describir el deseo natural de las mujeres de fumar y fue utilizado por Edward Bernays para animar a las mujeres a fumar en público a pesar de los tabúes sociales. Bernays contrató a mujeres para que desfilaran fumando sus "antorchas de la libertad" en el desfile del Domingo de Pascua del 31 de marzo de 1929, ​ lo que supuso un momento importante en la lucha contra las barreras sociales para las mujeres fumadoras. (es)
  • "Torches of Freedom" fu uno slogan utilizzato per incoraggiare le donne a fumare, facendo leva su loro desiderio di aspirare ad una vita migliore e ottenere l'uguaglianza con gli uomini durante il movimento di liberazione delle donne negli Stati Uniti. Divenne, in seguito, slogan di una delle più innovative campagne marketing realizzata da Edward Bernays: convincere le donne a fumare in pubblico significava espandere il mercato delle sigarette anche ad esse. Bernays, perciò, assunse delle donne per marciare durante la Easter Holiday Parade in New York del 1929, sfoggiando la loro «Torches of Freedom». La sigaretta divenne così simbolo di emancipazione e uguaglianza con gli uomini. (it)
  • "Torches of Freedom" was a phrase used to encourage women's smoking by exploiting women's aspirations for a better life during the early twentieth century first-wave feminism in the United States. Cigarettes were described as symbols of emancipation and equality with men. The term was first used by psychoanalyst A. A. Brill when describing the natural desire for women to smoke and was used by Edward Bernays to encourage women to smoke in public despite social taboos. Bernays hired women to march while smoking their "torches of freedom" in the Easter Sunday Parade of 31 March 1929, which was a significant moment for fighting social barriers for women smokers. (en)
  • Акция «Факелы свободы» — кампания по развитию табачного рынка в США, одна из главных работ американского пиарщика Э. Бернейса. В результате проведения данной кампании возникли масштабные сдвиги в культуре американского общества. (ru)
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