Turpinite, also called Turpenite, is a fictional war gas allegedly developed by the French chemist Eugène Turpin and deployed against the attacking German army during the first months of World War I. According to contemporary accounts, Turpinite, delivered by artillery shells, silently and suddenly killed any person within 400 yards (370 m) of impact with its fumes. Survivors of Turpinite barrages reported a strong chemical smell after an attack. In reality, this smell was a side effect of the explosives used by the French and British militaries during the war. The widespread, sudden deaths caused by artillery were in many cases caused by concussion, which leaves no mark on the victim. After the war, German scientist Fritz Haber, who pioneered German gas attacks at the Second Battle of Ypr
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| - La turpinite è un immaginario gas chimico che alcuni sostengono fosse stato sviluppato dal chimico francese e utilizzato contro l'attacco dell'esercito tedesco durante i primi mesi della prima guerra mondiale. La convinzione che le armi chimiche furono usate dai francesi nel 1914 poteva avere contribuito all'utilizzo successivo dei tedeschi di tali armi. (it)
- Turpinite, also called Turpenite, is a fictional war gas allegedly developed by the French chemist Eugène Turpin and deployed against the attacking German army during the first months of World War I. According to contemporary accounts, Turpinite, delivered by artillery shells, silently and suddenly killed any person within 400 yards (370 m) of impact with its fumes. Survivors of Turpinite barrages reported a strong chemical smell after an attack. In reality, this smell was a side effect of the explosives used by the French and British militaries during the war. The widespread, sudden deaths caused by artillery were in many cases caused by concussion, which leaves no mark on the victim. After the war, German scientist Fritz Haber, who pioneered German gas attacks at the Second Battle of Ypr (en)
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| - Turpinite, also called Turpenite, is a fictional war gas allegedly developed by the French chemist Eugène Turpin and deployed against the attacking German army during the first months of World War I. According to contemporary accounts, Turpinite, delivered by artillery shells, silently and suddenly killed any person within 400 yards (370 m) of impact with its fumes. Survivors of Turpinite barrages reported a strong chemical smell after an attack. In reality, this smell was a side effect of the explosives used by the French and British militaries during the war. The widespread, sudden deaths caused by artillery were in many cases caused by concussion, which leaves no mark on the victim. After the war, German scientist Fritz Haber, who pioneered German gas attacks at the Second Battle of Ypres, said German soldiers had reported a strong chemical smell attributed to turpenite. Haber and others investigated, finding the smell was due to incomplete combustion of the picric acid used in British artillery shells. The belief that the French used chemical weapons in 1914 may have contributed to later German use of such weapons. (en)
- La turpinite è un immaginario gas chimico che alcuni sostengono fosse stato sviluppato dal chimico francese e utilizzato contro l'attacco dell'esercito tedesco durante i primi mesi della prima guerra mondiale. Secondo resoconti dell'epoca, la turpinite sarebbe stata utilizzata nei proiettili per l'artiglieria; tali proiettili sarebbero stati in grado di uccidere una persona in un raggio di 370 metri dall'area d'impatto non tanto per l'impatto del proietto, ma dai suoi fumi, che silenziosamente e improvvisamente asfissiavano i soldati. I sopravvissuti dagli sbarramenti dovuti alla turpinite hanno segnalato la presenza di un forte odore chimico dopo un attacco. In realtà, questo odore era un effetto collaterale degli esplosivi utilizzati dai militari francesi e britannici durante la guerra. Dopo la guerra, lo scienziato tedesco Fritz Haber, che ha aperto la strada agli attacchi tedeschi con l'utilizzo del gas nella seconda battaglia di Ypres, avrebbe dichiarato che i soldati tedeschi avevano segnalato un forte odore chimico, attribuito alla turpinite. Haber e gli altri che indagarono riscontrarono che l'odore era dovuto all'incompleta combustione dell'acido picrico utilizzato nei proiettili di artiglieria britannici. La convinzione che le armi chimiche furono usate dai francesi nel 1914 poteva avere contribuito all'utilizzo successivo dei tedeschi di tali armi. (it)
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