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"Two Dogmas of Empiricism" is a paper by analytic philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine published in 1951. According to University of Sydney professor of philosophy Peter Godfrey-Smith, this "paper [is] sometimes regarded as the most important in all of twentieth-century philosophy". The paper is an attack on two central aspects of the logical positivists' philosophy: the first being the analytic–synthetic distinction between analytic truths and synthetic truths, explained by Quine as truths grounded only in meanings and independent of facts, and truths grounded in facts; the other being reductionism, the theory that each meaningful statement gets its meaning from some logical construction of terms that refer exclusively to immediate experience.

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  • مذهبان للتجريبية (ar)
  • Zwei Dogmen des Empirismus (de)
  • Deux dogmes de l'empirisme (fr)
  • 경험주의의 두 독단 (ko)
  • Two Dogmas of Empiricism (en)
  • Две догмы эмпиризма (ru)
  • 经验主义的两个教条 (zh)
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  • Zwei Dogmen des Empirismus (Originaltitel: Two Dogmas of Empiricism) ist einer der bedeutendsten Aufsätze des US-amerikanischen Philosophen Willard Van Orman Quine und damit einer der bedeutendsten Aufsätze der Analytischen Philosophie. Er erschien zuerst 1951 in der Zeitschrift Philosophical Review, dann später in dem Sammelband (From a Logical Point of View, 1953). (de)
  • "경험주의의 두 독단"(Two Dogmas of Empiricism)은 1951년에 출판된 분석 철학자 윌라드 반 오만 콰인의 논문이다. 이 논문은 20세기 철학 전체에서 중요한 것으로 간주된다. 이 논문은논리 실증주의 철학의 두 가지 핵심 측면에 대한 공격이다. 첫 번째는 분석적 진리와 종합적 진리 사이 의 분석적-종합적 구별이며, 콰인은 의미에만 근거하고 사실과 무관한 진리로 설명하고, 다른 하나는 사실에 근거한 진리이다. 다른 하나는 환원주의로, 각각의 의미 있는 진술은 즉각적인 경험만을 지칭하는 용어의 논리적 구성에서 의미를 얻는다는 이론이다. 논문은 6개의 섹션으로 구성되어 있다. 처음 4개는 분석에 초점을 맞추고 마지막 2개는 환원주의에 중점을 둔다. 거기에서 콰인은 논리 실증주의자들의 의미 이론에 초점을 맞춘다. 그는 또한 자신의 전체론적 의미 이론을 제시한다. (ko)
  • 《经验主义的两个教条》是由分析哲学家威拉德·冯·奥曼·蒯因于1951年出版，根据纽约市立大学哲学教授先生所言，这篇论文可稱為20世纪哲学中最重要的著作，这篇论文抨击了逻辑实证主义者的两个核心方面︰一方面是在分析真理与综合性事实之间的分析-綜合區別，用蒯因的话解释为一个是与事实相对独立的依据于词语理念的，以及真正依据于事实的；另一方面是讲求任何一种表象可以仅仅通过即时经验而得到的逻辑结构名词就能描述語意的还原论。 全書分为六个章节，最初的四个章节强调分析性，最后两个章节讨论还原论的问题，在这一块把关注点转向了逻辑实证主义者的理论解释，同时也给出了他个人理论的整全觀（整体性）解释。 (zh)
  • «مذهبان للتجريبية»: هي ورقة بحثية كتبها الفيلسوف التحليلي ويلارد فان أورمان كواين، ونُشرت في عام 1951. وفقًا لأستاذ الفلسفة بجامعة سيدني بيتر جودفري سميث، فإن «هذه الورقة تعتبر في بعض الأحيان الأكثر أهمية في فلسفة القرن العشرين بأكملها». الورقة هجوم على جانبين رئيسين من فلسفة الوضعانيين المنطقيين: الأول هو التمييز التحليلي الاصطناعي بين الحقائق التحليلية والحقائق الاصطناعية، التي فسرها كواين بأنها حقائق تستند فقط إلى المعاني ومستقلة عن الوقائع، وحقائق تستند إلى وقائع، أما الثاني فهو الاختزالية، النظرية التي تقول إن كل عبارة ذات معنى تحصل على معناها من بعض البناء المنطقي للمصطلحات التي تشير حصريًا إلى التجربة الفورية. (ar)
  • Deux Dogmes de l'empirisme (Two Dogmas of Empiricism) est un article de W. V. O. Quine publié en 1951 dans The Philosophical Review, puis réédité en 1961 sous une forme légèrement modifiée dans le livre de Quine intitulé From a Logical Point of View. Il s'agit d'un des textes les plus célèbres de la philosophie analytique au XXe siècle. (fr)
  • "Two Dogmas of Empiricism" is a paper by analytic philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine published in 1951. According to University of Sydney professor of philosophy Peter Godfrey-Smith, this "paper [is] sometimes regarded as the most important in all of twentieth-century philosophy". The paper is an attack on two central aspects of the logical positivists' philosophy: the first being the analytic–synthetic distinction between analytic truths and synthetic truths, explained by Quine as truths grounded only in meanings and independent of facts, and truths grounded in facts; the other being reductionism, the theory that each meaningful statement gets its meaning from some logical construction of terms that refer exclusively to immediate experience. (en)
  • Две догмы эмпиризма (англ. Two Dogmas of Empiricism) — одна из основополагающих работ аналитической философии, написанная Уиллардом Куайном в 1951, содержавшей критику ряда основополагающих неопозитивистских идей, усилило в США интерес к новым тенденциям в аналитической философии, привнесло в последнюю элементы прагматизма. Вещи имели сущности для Аристотеля, но только лингвистические формы имеют значения. Значение есть то, чем становится сущность, когда её разводят с объектом и сочетают со словом (ru)
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