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Ubykh, an extinct Northwest Caucasian language, has the largest consonant inventory of all documented languages that do not use clicks, and also has the most disproportional ratio of phonemic consonants to vowels. It has consonants in at least eight, perhaps nine, basic places of articulation and 29 distinct fricatives, 27 sibilants, and 20 uvulars, more than any other documented language. Some Khoisan languages, such as ǃXóõ, may have larger consonant inventories due to their extensive use of click consonants, although some analyses view a large proportion of the clicks in these languages as clusters, which would bring them closer into line with the Caucasian languages.

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  • 우비흐어 음운론 (ko)
  • Fonologie van het Oebychs (nl)
  • Ubykh phonology (en)
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  • Ubykh, an extinct Northwest Caucasian language, has the largest consonant inventory of all documented languages that do not use clicks, and also has the most disproportional ratio of phonemic consonants to vowels. It has consonants in at least eight, perhaps nine, basic places of articulation and 29 distinct fricatives, 27 sibilants, and 20 uvulars, more than any other documented language. Some Khoisan languages, such as ǃXóõ, may have larger consonant inventories due to their extensive use of click consonants, although some analyses view a large proportion of the clicks in these languages as clusters, which would bring them closer into line with the Caucasian languages. (en)
  • 우비흐어는 북서캅카스어족의 언어이다. 흡착음을 사용하는 언어를 제외하고세계에서 가장 많은 자음을 가지고 있는 언어이다. (ko)
  • Het Oebychs, een Noordwest-Kaukasische taal, heeft een zeer opmerkelijke fonologie. Het heeft namelijk van alle bekende talen een van de meest uitgebreide, zo niet het meest uitgebreide medeklinkersysteem. Het is onduidelijk of bepaalde Khoisantalen zoals het !Xóõ nog meer medeklinkers in hun foneeminventaris hebben, omdat in deze laatste talen ook veel kliks voorkomen, klanken die gemakkelijk clusters met andere medeklinkers kunnen vormen. In ieder geval is het vrijwel zeker dat het Oebychs de meest ongelijke verhouding tussen het aantal medeklinkers en klinkers heeft. (nl)
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  • Ubykh, an extinct Northwest Caucasian language, has the largest consonant inventory of all documented languages that do not use clicks, and also has the most disproportional ratio of phonemic consonants to vowels. It has consonants in at least eight, perhaps nine, basic places of articulation and 29 distinct fricatives, 27 sibilants, and 20 uvulars, more than any other documented language. Some Khoisan languages, such as ǃXóõ, may have larger consonant inventories due to their extensive use of click consonants, although some analyses view a large proportion of the clicks in these languages as clusters, which would bring them closer into line with the Caucasian languages. (en)
  • 우비흐어는 북서캅카스어족의 언어이다. 흡착음을 사용하는 언어를 제외하고세계에서 가장 많은 자음을 가지고 있는 언어이다. (ko)
  • Het Oebychs, een Noordwest-Kaukasische taal, heeft een zeer opmerkelijke fonologie. Het heeft namelijk van alle bekende talen een van de meest uitgebreide, zo niet het meest uitgebreide medeklinkersysteem. Het is onduidelijk of bepaalde Khoisantalen zoals het !Xóõ nog meer medeklinkers in hun foneeminventaris hebben, omdat in deze laatste talen ook veel kliks voorkomen, klanken die gemakkelijk clusters met andere medeklinkers kunnen vormen. In ieder geval is het vrijwel zeker dat het Oebychs de meest ongelijke verhouding tussen het aantal medeklinkers en klinkers heeft. Voor de medeklinkers bestaan in het Oebychs acht of negen verschillende articulatiepunten. Het Oebychs onderscheidt 27 fricatieven, 27 sibilanten en 20 uvularen als apart foneem. (nl)
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