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The Ursitory ("white women" also known as Ursitori, Oursitori, Ursitele, Urbitele, Urditele, Osatorele, Ursoi, Ursoni or Urmen, Uremi, Ourmes) are a group of three fairies or female spirits of fate in the Balkanic and Romani folklore. Two of them are good spirits, while one tries to harm people. In Romani folklore, their queen is , who makes use of gigantic birds called the Charana. Scholarship indicates that similar beings (a trio of women that allots men's fates) also exist in South Slavic folklore, among the Serbians, Macedonians, Croatians, Bulgarians and Montenegrinians.

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  • Urmen (de)
  • Urmen (it)
  • Ursitory (en)
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  • Die Urmen (auch Uremi, Ursitory, Ursitori, Ursitele, Urbitele, Urditele, Osatorele, Ursoi oder Ursoni) sind eine Gruppe von drei Feen oder Schicksalsfrauen in den mythischen Überlieferungen der Roma. Zwei davon sind gute Feen, die andere ist den Menschen übel gesinnt. Ihre Königin heißt Matuya, die von großen Unglücksvögeln Gebrauch macht, die Charana heißen. (de)
  • Le Urmen (chiamate anche Ursitory) presso gli zingari polacchi, russi e serbi, sono spiriti femminili che decidono il destino degli uomini al momento della nascita. Sono immaginate in un gruppo di tre e vestite di bianco. La loro vita è legata a tre capelli d'oro che hanno dietro la testa. Generalmente si ritiene che siano legate agli alberi, come se fossero le loro anime. Anticamente dovevano essere le dee del destino, paragonabili alle Parche romane. (it)
  • The Ursitory ("white women" also known as Ursitori, Oursitori, Ursitele, Urbitele, Urditele, Osatorele, Ursoi, Ursoni or Urmen, Uremi, Ourmes) are a group of three fairies or female spirits of fate in the Balkanic and Romani folklore. Two of them are good spirits, while one tries to harm people. In Romani folklore, their queen is , who makes use of gigantic birds called the Charana. Scholarship indicates that similar beings (a trio of women that allots men's fates) also exist in South Slavic folklore, among the Serbians, Macedonians, Croatians, Bulgarians and Montenegrinians. (en)
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  • Die Urmen (auch Uremi, Ursitory, Ursitori, Ursitele, Urbitele, Urditele, Osatorele, Ursoi oder Ursoni) sind eine Gruppe von drei Feen oder Schicksalsfrauen in den mythischen Überlieferungen der Roma. Zwei davon sind gute Feen, die andere ist den Menschen übel gesinnt. Ihre Königin heißt Matuya, die von großen Unglücksvögeln Gebrauch macht, die Charana heißen. Sie sind ungewöhnlich schöne Frauen, die im Gebirge in glänzenden Palästen oder singend und tanzend unter Bäumen leben. Urmen dürfen jeweils nicht mehr als sieben Lieblinge begünstigen und beschützen, andernfalls gehen sie erbärmlich zugrunde. Als Erwachsene wohnen sie in den Palästen ihrer Königin Matuya. Nach der Beziehung zu einem Mann gebären sie Drillings-Urmen und werden dann schnell alt. Sie brauchen ihre Babys nur einmal zu säugen, dann lernen diese bereits das Laufen und verlassen ihre Mutter, um in Baumhöhlen, unter großen Pflanzen zu leben. Die Kinder der guten Urmen bleiben reine Urmen, die der bösen werden Halburnen, die als zänkische Frauen auf Menschenart leben. Die Charana genannten Riesenvögel erbarmen sich jenen elendlich zugrundegehenden Urmen, die versehentlich einen achten Liebling begünstigt haben, und bieten ihnen Sterbehilfe. Sie hacken ihnen das Fleisch von den Knochen und bringen es der Urmenkönigin, die damit nach Menschen wirft, die Urmen beleidigt haben. Wenn Menschen davon essen, werden sie wahnsinnig. Die Urmen wurden durch den Roman Die Ursitory bekannt, der 1938 von Matéo Maximoff geschrieben und 1946 erstmals veröffentlicht wurde. Danach sind die Ursitory die drei Schicksalsengel, der Engel des Guten, der Engel des Bösen und der schiedsrichternde Engel der Vernunft, die am dritten Tag nach der Geburt den Lebensweg eines Kindes bestimmen. An diesem Tag platziert die Mutter drei Stück Brot und drei Gläser Wein für die Ursitory in einem Kreis um ihr Kind. Sie flüstert dem Kind seinen wirklichen Namen ins Ohr und hält diesen nach einigen Traditionen gegenüber dem Vater und den Kindern geheim, bis diese volljährig werden, weil der wirkliche Name Kraft verleiht. (de)
  • Le Urmen (chiamate anche Ursitory) presso gli zingari polacchi, russi e serbi, sono spiriti femminili che decidono il destino degli uomini al momento della nascita. Sono immaginate in un gruppo di tre e vestite di bianco. La loro vita è legata a tre capelli d'oro che hanno dietro la testa. Generalmente si ritiene che siano legate agli alberi, come se fossero le loro anime. Anticamente dovevano essere le dee del destino, paragonabili alle Parche romane. Delle tre, una si ritiene sia buona, un'altra cattiva e la terza neutra. Al momento del parto una maga recita delle preghiera all'ingresso della tenda e si recano loro offerte di cibo per propiziare un destino felice. Uno scrittore rom, Matéo Maximoff, ha scritto un romanzo su di loro intitolato Les Ursitory (Parigi, 1946) divenuto popolare e adattato in un film. (it)
  • The Ursitory ("white women" also known as Ursitori, Oursitori, Ursitele, Urbitele, Urditele, Osatorele, Ursoi, Ursoni or Urmen, Uremi, Ourmes) are a group of three fairies or female spirits of fate in the Balkanic and Romani folklore. Two of them are good spirits, while one tries to harm people. In Romani folklore, their queen is , who makes use of gigantic birds called the Charana. The three Ursitoare in Romanian mythology are supposed to appear three nights after a child's birth to determine the course of its life. They are similar to the Greek Fates or Moirai. The Ursitoare have been a key part of the Romanian Baptism tradition for hundreds of years. Scholarship indicates that similar beings (a trio of women that allots men's fates) also exist in South Slavic folklore, among the Serbians, Macedonians, Croatians, Bulgarians and Montenegrinians. These fairies became more widely known by the novel "The Ursitory" written by Matéo Maximoff in 1938 and first published in 1946. According to him, the Ursitory are three angels of fate, the good angel, the bad angel and the impartial angel of reason, who decide about the fate of the baby on the third day after its birth. On that day, the mother places three pieces of bread and three glasses of wine in a circle around the child for the ursitory. Then she whispers the child's real name, which is according to some traditions kept secret against the father and the children themselves until they become adults, because the name represents power. The Charana are phoenix-like birds. In another tradition, they once bathed the newborns in a nearby river, nowadays mostly in a tub. The Muslim Roma in Turkey, Northern Cyprus and the Balkans have a similar legend of Matuya, with her three sons Rom, Dom and Lom, who were once expelled from their homeland Hindustan (India) to Misr (Egypt). From there, the descendants of the three sons migrated around the world: the Roma to Europe, the Domlar to Mesopotamia, and the Lomlar to the Caucasus. (en)
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