Samuel Victor Railton (28 February 1906 – 23 July 1996) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Kelvin, Ontario and became a physician and surgeon by career. Railton studied medicine at the University of Toronto after graduation from Brantford Collegiate Institute. After establishing a medical practice at Port Colborne, Ontario, he served in the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps between 1940 and 1945. Following World War II, he became a surgeon in Welland, Ontario, and volunteered his skills in 1970 for the Nigerian Civil War.