Virgin soil epidemic is a term coined by Alfred Crosby, who defined it as epidemics "in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless." His concept is related to that developed by William McNeill, who connected the development of agriculture and more sedentary life with the emergence of new diseases as microbes moved from domestic animals to humans. Virgin soil epidemics have occurred with European colonization, particularly when European explorers and colonists brought diseases to lands they conquered in the Americas, Australia and Pacific Islands.
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| - Epidemi tanah dara (in)
- 未伝播地流行 (ja)
- Virgin soil epidemic (en)
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| - Epidemi tanah dara adalah sebuah istilah yang dicetuskan oleh Alfred Crosby, yang mengartikannya sebagai epidemi "dimana para penduduknya yang berresiko tak memiliki kontak sebelumnya dengan penyakit yang menyerang mereka dan sehingga kekebalannya nyaris tak mempan." Epidemi tanah dara terjadi pada masa , terutama ketika para penjelajah dan kolonis Eropa membawa penyakit ke tanah taklukan mereka di benua Amerika, Australia dan Kepulauan Pasifik. (in)
- 処女地流行（しょじょち りゅうこう）あるいは未開地流行（みかいち りゅうこう）すなわち未伝播地流行（みでんぱち りゅうこう）と和訳するのが相応しい英語 virgin soil epidemicとは アルフレッド・クロスビー（1931 - 2018）によって造語された用語であって、彼はそれを「彼らを打撃する既に接触したことのない病気のリスクにおける住民内の、そしてしたがって免疫学上ほとんど無防備であるところの」（感染症の）流行として定義したところのものである。農業の開発ならびにより固着性の生物とを、家畜からヒトへの微生物の移動による疾病の発現に結びつける、 ウィリアム・マクニールが展開したことに、彼の概念は関連する。処女地流行はによって、特にヨーロッパの探検家や入植者がアメリカ、、の諸地域で征服した土地に疾病を持ち込んだ時に起きた。 その概念はヨーロッパの拡大の成功の説明としての人気のある書籍『銃・病原菌・鉄』の中心的な主題として、ジャレド・ダイアモンドによって後に受け入れられた卸し売りになった。 (ja)
- Virgin soil epidemic is a term coined by Alfred Crosby, who defined it as epidemics "in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless." His concept is related to that developed by William McNeill, who connected the development of agriculture and more sedentary life with the emergence of new diseases as microbes moved from domestic animals to humans. Virgin soil epidemics have occurred with European colonization, particularly when European explorers and colonists brought diseases to lands they conquered in the Americas, Australia and Pacific Islands. (en)
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| - Epidemi tanah dara adalah sebuah istilah yang dicetuskan oleh Alfred Crosby, yang mengartikannya sebagai epidemi "dimana para penduduknya yang berresiko tak memiliki kontak sebelumnya dengan penyakit yang menyerang mereka dan sehingga kekebalannya nyaris tak mempan." Epidemi tanah dara terjadi pada masa , terutama ketika para penjelajah dan kolonis Eropa membawa penyakit ke tanah taklukan mereka di benua Amerika, Australia dan Kepulauan Pasifik. (in)
- Virgin soil epidemic is a term coined by Alfred Crosby, who defined it as epidemics "in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless." His concept is related to that developed by William McNeill, who connected the development of agriculture and more sedentary life with the emergence of new diseases as microbes moved from domestic animals to humans. Virgin soil epidemics have occurred with European colonization, particularly when European explorers and colonists brought diseases to lands they conquered in the Americas, Australia and Pacific Islands. The concept would later be adopted wholesale by Jared Diamond as a central theme in his popular book Guns, Germs and Steel as an explanation for successful European expansion. When a population has not had contact with a particular pathogen, individuals in that population have not built up any immunity to that organism and so have not received immunity passed from mother to child. The epidemiologist Francis Black has suggested that some isolated populations may not have mixed enough to become as genetically heterogeneous as their colonizers, which would also have affected their natural immunity. That can happen also when such a considerable amount of time has passed between disease outbreaks that no one in a particular community has ever experienced the disease to gain immunity. Consequently, when a previously unknown disease is introduced to such a population, there is an increase in the morbidity and mortality rates. Historically, that increase has been often devastating and always noticeable. Diseases introduced to the Americas by European colonizers and the African people they enslaved include smallpox, yellow fever, measles and malaria as well as new strains of typhus and influenza. Virgin soil epidemics also occurred in other regions. For example, the Roman Empire spread smallpox to new populations in Europe and the Middle East in the 2nd century AD, and the Mongol Empire brought the bubonic plague to Europe and the Middle East in the 14th century. (en)
- 処女地流行（しょじょち りゅうこう）あるいは未開地流行（みかいち りゅうこう）すなわち未伝播地流行（みでんぱち りゅうこう）と和訳するのが相応しい英語 virgin soil epidemicとは アルフレッド・クロスビー（1931 - 2018）によって造語された用語であって、彼はそれを「彼らを打撃する既に接触したことのない病気のリスクにおける住民内の、そしてしたがって免疫学上ほとんど無防備であるところの」（感染症の）流行として定義したところのものである。農業の開発ならびにより固着性の生物とを、家畜からヒトへの微生物の移動による疾病の発現に結びつける、 ウィリアム・マクニールが展開したことに、彼の概念は関連する。処女地流行はによって、特にヨーロッパの探検家や入植者がアメリカ、、の諸地域で征服した土地に疾病を持ち込んだ時に起きた。 その概念はヨーロッパの拡大の成功の説明としての人気のある書籍『銃・病原菌・鉄』の中心的な主題として、ジャレド・ダイアモンドによって後に受け入れられた卸し売りになった。 (ja)
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| is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage
of | - Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Canton, Massachusetts
- Sandwich, Massachusetts
- Beverly, Massachusetts
- Boxford, Massachusetts
- Indigenous peoples
- Influx of disease in the Caribbean
- Massachusett
- Massachusett Pidgin
- Massachusett language
- Massachusetts
- Mattapan
- Medford, Massachusetts
- Salem, Massachusetts
- Quigualtam
- Mars in fiction
- Lexington, Massachusetts
- Lynn, Massachusetts
- Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts
- Colonial epidemic disease in Hawai'i
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