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In photography, washing is an important part of all film processing and printmaking processes. After materials have been fixed, washing removes unwanted and exhausted processing chemicals which, if left in situ, may cause deterioration and destruction of the image. A quick, water-saving, and archival technique for washing film fixed with nonhardening fixer in a spiral tank is the popular "Ilford method": Over-washing can actually reduce the archival properties of film, as thiosulfate in very small concentrations has been shown to have a beneficial effect on film image stability.

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  • 水洗 (写真現像) (ja)
  • Washing (photography) (en)
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  • 水洗（すいせん）は、写真・映画の現像工程において、フィルムや印画紙などの感光材料の表面に残留する薬品を取り除く作業である。感光材料に定着段階が済んだ後、水洗を行って不要な反応済みの現像関係の薬品を除去する。これを行わなければ、画像の劣化や破壊を引き起こす。 (ja)
  • In photography, washing is an important part of all film processing and printmaking processes. After materials have been fixed, washing removes unwanted and exhausted processing chemicals which, if left in situ, may cause deterioration and destruction of the image. A quick, water-saving, and archival technique for washing film fixed with nonhardening fixer in a spiral tank is the popular "Ilford method": Over-washing can actually reduce the archival properties of film, as thiosulfate in very small concentrations has been shown to have a beneficial effect on film image stability. (en)
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  • 水洗（すいせん）は、写真・映画の現像工程において、フィルムや印画紙などの感光材料の表面に残留する薬品を取り除く作業である。感光材料に定着段階が済んだ後、水洗を行って不要な反応済みの現像関係の薬品を除去する。これを行わなければ、画像の劣化や破壊を引き起こす。 (ja)
  • In photography, washing is an important part of all film processing and printmaking processes. After materials have been fixed, washing removes unwanted and exhausted processing chemicals which, if left in situ, may cause deterioration and destruction of the image. A disadvantage of the use of thiosulfate as a fixer is its ability to dissolve elemental silver at a very slow rate. If films or papers are inadequately washed after fixing, any residual fixer can slowly bleach or stain the photographic image. For prints on high grade fibre papers, a period of continuous washing in clean, cold water for up to 40 minutes may be required. For modern plastic (resin) coated papers, washing for as little as 2 minutes in warm water can be sufficient to eliminate residual fixer. Washing aids (also called hypo clearing agents) can be used to make the process of removing fixer faster and more thorough. A quick, water-saving, and archival technique for washing film fixed with nonhardening fixer in a spiral tank is the popular "Ilford method": * Fill the developing tank with tap water at the same temperature as the fixer (+/-5 °C or 9°F)—maintaining a constant bath temperature during processing is necessary to avoid of the emulsion; * Invert the tank five times and drain it completely; * Fill the tank again, invert it ten times, and drain it completely; * Fill the tank again, invert it twenty times, and drain it completely. * The film is now washed. More conventional darkroom practice recommends washing film for 30 minutes or longer, with a flow of water sufficient to change the water in the washing container at least three times. This is not needed when non-hardening fixers are used. Over-washing can actually reduce the archival properties of film, as thiosulfate in very small concentrations has been shown to have a beneficial effect on film image stability. (en)
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