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Water supply and sanitation in Israel are intricately linked to the historical development of Israel. Because rain falls only in the winter, and largely in the northern part of the country, irrigation and water engineering are considered vital to the country's economic survival and growth. Large scale projects to desalinate seawater, direct water from rivers and reservoirs in the north, make optimal use of groundwater, and reclaim flood overflow and sewage have been undertaken. Among them is the National Water Carrier, carrying water from the country's biggest freshwater lake, the Sea of Galilee, to the northern part of the Negev desert through channels, pipes and tunnels. Israel's water demand today outstrips available conventional water resources. Thus, in an average year, Israel relies

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  • Water supply and sanitation in Israel (en)
  • إمداد المياه والصرف الصحي في إسرائيل (ar)
  • 以色列给水排水现状 (zh)
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  • 以色列给水排水现状与其发展历史息息相关。以色列位处中东沙漠边缘,水资源严重分布不均。其降水主要分布在冬季且为偏远的以色列北部地区,致使北部的加利利湖成为了以色列境内最大、最重要的饮用水源与蓄水库。同时,即使在北部,庞大的降雨量通常是伴随着强大的暴风雨,有时会造成水土流失和洪灾。以色列国内最具农业耕种价值的土地便是那些每年获得超过300毫米降雨量的地区,这样的地区大约只占了全国面积的三分之一。故而,灌溉与水利工程的设计与建造对以色列经济、社会的均衡发展起着近乎决定性的作用。 为解决南部地区用水问题,以色列于国家北部兴修了大型海水淡化与水利规划工程。这一举措致使以色列地表水的开发利用率、汛期洪水的回收再利用率得到了最大化的提升,同时,也使城市污水得到了有效的处置。其中,声势最为浩大的是于1964年投入运营的“北水南调”的国家输水工程,其从以色列最大的淡水湖加利利海将北方较为丰富的水资源用一条长度达300公里的输水管线输送到南方干旱缺水的内盖夫沙漠。 如今,以色列对水资源的渴求已远大于传统供水方式的承载能力。近十年中,以色列近一半的用水来源于一些非常规水源诸如再生水与。其中,由于1998-2002年以色列境内的连续干旱,加之对淡水资源的过度抽取,使加利利湖水位经常低于安全红线,直接威胁以色列水安全,以色列政府于1999年制定了“大规模海水淡化计划”,以期缓解淡水的供需矛盾。 (zh)
  • إمداد المياه والصرف الصحي في إسرائيل ترتبط بشكل عميق بالتطور التاريخي لدولة إسرائيل. وبسبب سقوط المطر في الشتاء فقط، وإلى حد كبير في الجزء الشمالي من البلاد، فإن الري وهندسة المياه أمر حيوي لبقاء الحياة والنمو الإقتصادي في البلاد. مشاريع عملاقة أنشئت لتوجيه المياه من الأنهار والخزانات في الشمال، وتحقيق الاستخدام الأمثل للمياه الجوفية، واستصلاح تجاوزات الفيضانات والصرف الصحي. من أكبر المشاريع من هذا النوع هو مشروع لتوزيع المياه الوطنية والذي يُطلق عليه النظام الناقل للمياه بإسرائيل، والذي تم إنشاؤه في عام 1964، تتدفق من أكبر بحيرة في البلاد من المياه العذبة، بحيرة طبريا، إلى صحراء النقب الشمالي، من خلال القنوات الضخمة والأنابيب والأنفاق. (ar)
  • Water supply and sanitation in Israel are intricately linked to the historical development of Israel. Because rain falls only in the winter, and largely in the northern part of the country, irrigation and water engineering are considered vital to the country's economic survival and growth. Large scale projects to desalinate seawater, direct water from rivers and reservoirs in the north, make optimal use of groundwater, and reclaim flood overflow and sewage have been undertaken. Among them is the National Water Carrier, carrying water from the country's biggest freshwater lake, the Sea of Galilee, to the northern part of the Negev desert through channels, pipes and tunnels. Israel's water demand today outstrips available conventional water resources. Thus, in an average year, Israel relies (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag_of_Israel.svg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PikiWiki_Israel_1363_Lake_Kinneret_Sea_of_Galilee_Israel_כנרת.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nahalei_Menashe_Water_Project_reservoir_overlooking_Orot_Rabin_Power_station_01.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PikiWiki_Israel_14794_water_to_Jerusalem.jpg
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