The term "Woodstock of physics" is often used by physicists to refer to the marathon session of the American Physical Society’s meeting on March 18, 1987, which featured 51 presentations of recent discoveries in the science of high-temperature superconductors. Various presenters anticipated that these new materials would soon result in revolutionary technological applications, but in the three subsequent decades, this proved to be overly optimistic. The name is a reference to the 1969 Woodstock Music and Art Festival.
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| - Woodstock of physics (en)
- 胡士托物理大會 (zh)
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| - The term "Woodstock of physics" is often used by physicists to refer to the marathon session of the American Physical Society’s meeting on March 18, 1987, which featured 51 presentations of recent discoveries in the science of high-temperature superconductors. Various presenters anticipated that these new materials would soon result in revolutionary technological applications, but in the three subsequent decades, this proved to be overly optimistic. The name is a reference to the 1969 Woodstock Music and Art Festival. (en)
- 胡士托物理大會，指物理學家的是在1987年3月18日時辦理的美國物理學會例行三月份研討會中一場馬拉松式學術研討會議，會議中進行了51場有關高溫超導的演講。命名緣由是比照1969年的胡士托音樂節。 在1980年代中期的一連串高溫超導體突破之前，大多數的科學家因為高溫超導體所需的極度低溫而認為要使其應用在日用上是不可能的。然而在1987年3月，因為陶瓷超導體的溫度成功地到達當時最高的超導轉變溫度，使得物理界掀起一陣騷動。 該超導體是由朱經武博士於休士頓大學合成，其超導轉變溫度為零下139攝氏溫度（134克氏溫度），而零下139攝氏溫度已高於液態氮之沸點，科學界因為此突破而振奮不已。 由於這項突破是在美國物理學會例行的三月份研討會 (March Meeting) 開會前不久才公布的，以至於沒有相關論文被排入三月研討會議程。即便如此，學會依舊將這項突破排入最後一部分的討論時間中。該主題的主持人為物理學家，一位超導體研究者兼該次會議的主辦人之一。原本預定是在希爾頓酒店於7:30 pm開始，但興奮的科學家早已在5:30就開始排隊了。 該會議引起了主流媒體對於超導體的關注，全世界的實驗室也因此開始了一場提高超導轉變溫度的競賽。 在隔年，兩個新種的銅氧化物超導體被成功地合成出來-鉍基（簡稱）與鉈基（簡稱）的材料，兩者的超導轉變溫度都高於110克氏溫度。 (zh)
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| - The term "Woodstock of physics" is often used by physicists to refer to the marathon session of the American Physical Society’s meeting on March 18, 1987, which featured 51 presentations of recent discoveries in the science of high-temperature superconductors. Various presenters anticipated that these new materials would soon result in revolutionary technological applications, but in the three subsequent decades, this proved to be overly optimistic. The name is a reference to the 1969 Woodstock Music and Art Festival. Before a series of breakthroughs in the mid-1980s, most scientists believed that the extremely low temperature requirements of superconductors rendered them impractical for everyday use. However, by March 1987, a flurry of recent research on ceramic superconductors had succeeded in creating ever-higher superconducting temperatures, including the discovery by the University of Houston's Paul Chu of a superconductor that operated at 93 K (−180 °C; −292 °F) – a temperature that could be achieved by cooling with liquid nitrogen. The scientific community was abuzz with excitement. The discoveries were so recent that no papers on them had been submitted by the deadline. However, the Society added a last-minute session to their annual meeting to discuss the new research. The session was chaired by physicist M. Brian Maple, a superconductor researcher himself, who was one of the meeting's organizers. It was scheduled to start at 7:30 pm in the Sutton ballroom of the New York Hilton, but excited scientists started lining up at 5:30. Key researchers such as Chu and Karl Alexander Müller (who would win the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work in superconductors with Georg Bednorz) were given 10 minutes to describe their research; other physicists were given five minutes. Nearly 2,000 scientists tried to squeeze into the ballroom. Those who could not find a seat filled the aisles or watched outside the room on television monitors. The session ended at 3:15 am, but many lingered until dawn to discuss the presentations. The meeting caused a surge in mainstream media interest in superconductors, and laboratories around the world raced to pursue breakthroughs in the field. By the following year (1988) two new families of copper-oxide superconductors – the bismuth based or so-called BSCCO and the thallium based or TBCCO materials – had been discovered. Both of these have superconducting transitions above 110 K (−163 °C; −262 °F). So in the next March APS meeting at New Orleans a special evening session "Woodstock of Physics-II" was hastily organized to highlight the synthesis and properties of these new, first-ever 'triple digit superconductors'. The format of the session was same as in New York. Some of the panelists were repeats from the original "Woodstock" session. Additional researchers including Allen M. Hermann (at that time University of Arkansas), the co-discoverer of the thallium system, and Laura H. Greene (then with AT&T) were panelists. The 1988 session was chaired by Timir Datta from the University of South Carolina. On March 5, 2007, many of the original participants reconvened in Denver to recognize and review the session on its 20-year anniversary; the "reunion" was again chaired by Maple. (en)
- 胡士托物理大會，指物理學家的是在1987年3月18日時辦理的美國物理學會例行三月份研討會中一場馬拉松式學術研討會議，會議中進行了51場有關高溫超導的演講。命名緣由是比照1969年的胡士托音樂節。 在1980年代中期的一連串高溫超導體突破之前，大多數的科學家因為高溫超導體所需的極度低溫而認為要使其應用在日用上是不可能的。然而在1987年3月，因為陶瓷超導體的溫度成功地到達當時最高的超導轉變溫度，使得物理界掀起一陣騷動。 該超導體是由朱經武博士於休士頓大學合成，其超導轉變溫度為零下139攝氏溫度（134克氏溫度），而零下139攝氏溫度已高於液態氮之沸點，科學界因為此突破而振奮不已。 由於這項突破是在美國物理學會例行的三月份研討會 (March Meeting) 開會前不久才公布的，以至於沒有相關論文被排入三月研討會議程。即便如此，學會依舊將這項突破排入最後一部分的討論時間中。該主題的主持人為物理學家，一位超導體研究者兼該次會議的主辦人之一。原本預定是在希爾頓酒店於7:30 pm開始，但興奮的科學家早已在5:30就開始排隊了。 主要研究者如朱經武與卡爾·米勒（其後來因超導體獲得1987年之諾貝爾物理獎）被給予10分鐘來闡釋他們的研究內容，其餘相關學者則有5分鐘使用。將近2000位科學家盡其可能想辦法鑽進會場中。無法找到座位的科學家們擠滿了走道，進不去的則圍繞在會場外的電視旁。討論於3:15am結束，但許多人留下來在希爾頓酒店會場外的大廳或休息室繼續討論直到黎明到來。 該會議引起了主流媒體對於超導體的關注，全世界的實驗室也因此開始了一場提高超導轉變溫度的競賽。 在隔年，兩個新種的銅氧化物超導體被成功地合成出來-鉍基（簡稱）與鉈基（簡稱）的材料，兩者的超導轉變溫度都高於110克氏溫度。 因此，在1988年三月，在紐奧良舉辦的美國物理學會三月份研討會會議，學會倉促地組織一個特別的晚會「胡士托物理大會-II」來強調全新且首創的「三位數的超導體」合成與性質。會議的編排與在紐約時一樣，專題討論的參加者中，有些是來自胡士托物理大會（紐約那次），但也有許多新的大會來賓如泰米爾·達塔（來自南卡羅來納大學）、艾倫·赫曼（當時任職於）以及BSCCO的共同發現者蘿拉·格林。 在2007年3月5日，曾參與過胡士托物理大會的科學家們在丹佛召開該年三月份研討會會議並向20周年的胡士托物理大會致敬。而這次的「重聚」再度由布賴恩楓主持。 (zh)
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