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Yaravirus is an amoebic virus (a virus that reproduces in amoeba) tentatively placed in phylum Nucleocytoviricota, discovered in the waters of Lake Pampulha in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2020. The virus was found to be significantly smaller than any known amoebic virus, and is notable in that 90% of its genome appears to have no homology to previously sequenced amino acids in other organisms. The organism was named after the Brazilian mythological figure, Iara.

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  • Yaravirus (de)
  • Yaravirus brasiliensis (it)
  • Yaravirus (en)
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  • „Yaravirus“ ist eine 2020 vorgeschlagene Gattung großer Doppelstrang-DNA-Viren mit der bisher einzigen bekannten Art (Spezies) „Yaravirus brasiliensis“, deren Wirte Amöben (Amoebozoa) sind: Nachweislich kann Acanthamoeba castellanii mit der Virusspezies infiziert werden. Die Virusteilchen (Virionen) haben einem Durchmesser von 80 nm im Vergleich zu 200–300 nm bei Pockenviren. Im Vergleich zu den meisten Vertreter des Phylums Nucleocytoviricota (NCLDV) – wie den Pockenviren – haben ihre Virionen eine also nur geringe Größe. (de)
  • Yaravirus is an amoebic virus (a virus that reproduces in amoeba) tentatively placed in phylum Nucleocytoviricota, discovered in the waters of Lake Pampulha in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2020. The virus was found to be significantly smaller than any known amoebic virus, and is notable in that 90% of its genome appears to have no homology to previously sequenced amino acids in other organisms. The organism was named after the Brazilian mythological figure, Iara. (en)
  • Yaravirus brasiliensis è un virus parassita di una specie di ameba, la sua scoperta è stata resa nota a febbraio 2020. Lo Yaravirus ha dimensioni dell'ordine dei 80 nm (poco meno di 1/10.000 di millimetro) e ha 44.924 coppie di basi dsDNA (dsDNA è la sigla inglese per double stranded DNA, in italiano doppia elica del DNA). Il genoma del virus dovrebbe codificare settantaquattro proteine, di cui sessantotto, ossia il 90%, sconosciute, costituenti geni ORFan (sigla inglese per orphan genes, in italiano geni senza equivalenti in altri organismi) . (it)
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  • „Yaravirus“ ist eine 2020 vorgeschlagene Gattung großer Doppelstrang-DNA-Viren mit der bisher einzigen bekannten Art (Spezies) „Yaravirus brasiliensis“, deren Wirte Amöben (Amoebozoa) sind: Nachweislich kann Acanthamoeba castellanii mit der Virusspezies infiziert werden. Die Virusteilchen (Virionen) haben einem Durchmesser von 80 nm im Vergleich zu 200–300 nm bei Pockenviren. Im Vergleich zu den meisten Vertreter des Phylums Nucleocytoviricota (NCLDV) – wie den Pockenviren – haben ihre Virionen eine also nur geringe Größe. Die Genom-Sequenzierung zeigte, dass keines seiner Gene mit Sequenzen bekannter Organismen übereinstimmte, beim Vergleich der Aminosäure-Sequenz der kodierten Proteine (Proteom) gab es nur bei sechs der vorhergesagten Proteine entfernte Übereinstimmungen. Lediglich die vorhergesagte dreidimensionale Faltung von 17 der Proteine gab Hinweise auf eine mögliche Funktion. Auch in öffentlich zugänglichen Metagenom-Datenbanken ließen sich keine nahen Verwandten von „Yaravirus“ finden. Das Yaravirus-Genom enthielt auch sechs Typen von tRNAs, die nicht zu den üblichen Codons passten. „Yaravirus“ wurde im Pampulha-See (bzw. seinen Zuläufen) entdeckt, einem künstlichen See in Belo Horizonte, einer Stadt in Brasilien. Dort hatte man schon zuvor das Niemeyer-Virus aus der Gattung Mimivirus und zwei Spezies der Gattung „Pandoravirus“ („P. pampulha“ und „P. tropicalis“), alle aus dem Phylum der NCLDV, gefundenDas Virus infiziert keine menschlichen Zellen.Der Name „Yara“ wurde aus der indigenen Tupí-Guarani-Mythologie entlehnt, „Yara“ oder „Iara“ bedeutet „Mutter des Wassers“ oder „Mutter alle Gewässer“ und stellt eine schöne meerjungfrauenähnliche Figur dar,die Seeleute unter das Wasser lockt, damit diese dort für immer mit ihr leben. (de)
  • Yaravirus is an amoebic virus (a virus that reproduces in amoeba) tentatively placed in phylum Nucleocytoviricota, discovered in the waters of Lake Pampulha in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2020. The virus was found to be significantly smaller than any known amoebic virus, and is notable in that 90% of its genome appears to have no homology to previously sequenced amino acids in other organisms. The organism was named after the Brazilian mythological figure, Iara. One author described the virus as one that "simply makes no sense", and as "an extreme example", noting that "of Yaravirus' 74 genes, 68 are unlike any ever found in any virus". With respect to efforts by scientists to develop a megataxonomy of viruses, Yaravirus, was described as "lonely and unclassifiable". Another analysis describes the virus as "either highly reduced and divergent NCLDVs or, more probably, the first non-NCLDV isolated from Acanthamoeba species", also noting "an ATPase most similar to the mimivirus homologue" and a major capsid protein phylogeny that is "not compatible with that of the ATPase phylogeny", suggesting that the virus originated through a horizontal gene transfer. (en)
  • Yaravirus brasiliensis è un virus parassita di una specie di ameba, la sua scoperta è stata resa nota a febbraio 2020. Lo Yaravirus ha dimensioni dell'ordine dei 80 nm (poco meno di 1/10.000 di millimetro) e ha 44.924 coppie di basi dsDNA (dsDNA è la sigla inglese per double stranded DNA, in italiano doppia elica del DNA). Il genoma del virus dovrebbe codificare settantaquattro proteine, di cui sessantotto, ossia il 90%, sconosciute, costituenti geni ORFan (sigla inglese per orphan genes, in italiano geni senza equivalenti in altri organismi) . I restanti sei geni, sulla base delle banche di dati pubbliche, sembrano avere correlazioni con: Esonucleasi/Ricombinasi, packaging-ATPasi, DNA bifunzionale Primasi/Polimerasi e tre ipotetiche proteine. La proteomica mostra che lo Yaravirus contiene 26 proteine virali che potrebbero dimostrare la scoperta del primo virus infettante la Acanthamoeba. (it)
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