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Zawila (also spelled Zuila, Zweila, Zwila, Zawilah, Zuwayla or Zuweila) is a village in southwestern Libya. During the Middle Ages, it was the capital of the Fezzan region. When Uqba ibn Nafi passed through the area in 46 A.H. (666/67 CE), there was no city there. Zawila was settled probably in the early 8th century. It very quickly became the chief town of the region.

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  • زويلة (ar)
  • Zawila (ca)
  • Zawila (es)
  • Zawila (fr)
  • Zuila (pt)
  • Zawila (en)
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  • Zawila ou Zawilah, Zwila, Zuila, Zweila, Zuweila, Zuwayla (arabe : زويلة) est une oasis et une ville située au sud-ouest de la Libye. Elle fut au Moyen Âge un important centre commercial dont la principale activité fut le commerce des esclaves. (fr)
  • Zawila o Zuwayla fue una ciudad del Fezán, en la moderna Libia.​ (es)
  • زويلة هي قرية في جنوب غرب ليبيا. فتحها عقبة بن نافع الفهري حوالي العام 22 هـ، وهي بذلك دليل على وصول الفتح الإسلامي إلى فزان. وتعتبر من أقدم مراكز العمران في ليبيا. وكان لها علاقات تجارية مع مصر، وواحات نطاق السودان. وقد جعلها عبيد الله المهدي الخليفة الفاطمي مسكناً لرعيته. (ar)
  • Zawila o Zuwayla (àrab: زويلة, Zawīla o Zuwayla) fou la capital medieval islàmica del Fezzan, avui a Líbia. No existia el 666/667 quan Uqba ibn Nafi va passar prop del lloc. Fou fundada probablement a l'inici del segle viii i a mitjan segle ja ere el centre de la regió; estava sota domini dels amazics hawwara, que seguien les doctrines ibadites. (ca)
  • Zawila (also spelled Zuila, Zweila, Zwila, Zawilah, Zuwayla or Zuweila) is a village in southwestern Libya. During the Middle Ages, it was the capital of the Fezzan region. When Uqba ibn Nafi passed through the area in 46 A.H. (666/67 CE), there was no city there. Zawila was settled probably in the early 8th century. It very quickly became the chief town of the region. (en)
  • Zuila (em árabe: زويلة; romaniz.: Zawila) é uma cidade da Líbia do distrito de Murzuque. Está a 26,9 quilômetros de Meseguine, 28,4 de Hamira e 71,4 de Temissa. Segundo censo de 2012, havia 3 402 residentes. Ela é um sítio pré-islâmico, que tem sua primeira menção histórica no relato que narra a expedição de conquista do Fezã encabeçada por Uqueba ibne Nafi após a conquista do Egito em 642. Em 761, boa parte de sua população foi massacrada por Maomé ibne Alaxate Alcuzai, porém pelo século X já estava recuperada e foi escolhida como capital dos Beni Catabe. (pt)
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  • Zwila (en)
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native name
  • (en)
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  • Zwila (en)
other name
  • Zuila, Zweila (en)
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  • Libya (en)
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  • Location in Libya (en)
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  • Town (en)
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  • Imperial (en)
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  • 26.166666666666668 15.116666666666667
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  • Zawila o Zuwayla (àrab: زويلة, Zawīla o Zuwayla) fou la capital medieval islàmica del Fezzan, avui a Líbia. No existia el 666/667 quan Uqba ibn Nafi va passar prop del lloc. Fou fundada probablement a l'inici del segle viii i a mitjan segle ja ere el centre de la regió; estava sota domini dels amazics hawwara, que seguien les doctrines ibadites. El primer imamat ibadita de Tripolitana fou eliminat pel general abbàssida Muhammad ibn al-Ashath al-Khuzai que va enviar un contingent a Zawila, i el cap local de Zawila, Abd Allah ibn Hayyan al-Ibadi va resultar mort i la ciutat fou ocupada. Però les doctrines no foren extirpades. A l'època dels rustàmides Zawila va caure sota control de l'imam de Tahart al límit de la seva zona d'influència. Al segle ix hi van arribar ibadites procedents de Khorasan i Bàssora i altres regions allunyades i van portar una notable erudició ibadita. El 918/919 després de la caiguda de Tahart, els Banu Khattab van establir una dinastia ibadita independent amb centre a Zawila que va subsistir fins al segle XII. En aquest temps Fezzan va estar dividit en dues entitats: la part occidental formava l'imamat de, mentre l'oriental formava l'imamat de Zawila; la segona era la més important i rica però les dues seguien sent ibadites. L'economia de Zawila descansava en el comerç trans-saharià a través de cap al llac Txad i Kanem; es comerciava amb esclaus principalment, però també altres mercaderies. La població era de majoria amaziga amb una notable minoria de sudanesos negres que parlaven el o el kanuri. A partir del segle xi bandes procedents del Kanem van atacar Zawila i la van debilitar i finalment la dinastia Banu Khattab fou enderrocada el 1176/1177 per l'armeni Sharaf al-Din Karakush, un teòric general dels aiúbides d'Egipte. Karakush va dominar el Fezzan i Tripolitana però en les lluites de l'època en les quals els mallorquins Banu Ghaniya van tenir el paper principal, Zawila va seguir perdent pes i la major part del Fezzan va acabar en mans de Kanem al final del segle XII. Els sobirans de Kanem van establir la seva capital a Traghan a uns quilòmetres a l'oest de Zawila. Kanem va governar al Fezzan tot el segle xiii, però al segle xiv els governadors locals, els , es van fer independents. Al segle xv els hàfsides hi van imposar sovint la sobirania i Zawila va recuperar la condició de capital; al mateix temps els disturbis a Kanem va provocar el descens del comerç transaharià; quan aquest es va recuperar Zawila ja havia perdut la seva importància. A l'inici del segle xvi va agafar el poder la dinastia Awlad Muhammad que va establir la seva capital a Murzuk a l'oest de Zawila. Aquesta ciutat es va despoblar i va quedar a l'oblit. (ca)
  • زويلة هي قرية في جنوب غرب ليبيا. فتحها عقبة بن نافع الفهري حوالي العام 22 هـ، وهي بذلك دليل على وصول الفتح الإسلامي إلى فزان. وتعتبر من أقدم مراكز العمران في ليبيا. وكان لها علاقات تجارية مع مصر، وواحات نطاق السودان. وقد جعلها عبيد الله المهدي الخليفة الفاطمي مسكناً لرعيته. تقع المدينة على بعد 140 كم إلى الشرق من مدينة مرزق و تعتبر المدينة من أهم مواقع التراث الإسلامي في ليبيا وكانت تقع قديما على طريق مدن القوافل التجارية، وكانت أحد مراكز التجارة مع أفريقيا ومحطة من محطات القوافل ويذكر باب زويلة في القاهرة في مدينة القاهرة الذي تخرج منه القوافل المتجه إلى أفريقيا السودان الغربي عن طريق مدينة زويلة. عثر على معالم أثرية إسلامية ترجع إلى العهد الفاطمي، وقد عرفت زويلة بعد الفتح الاسلامى بلد الأشراف كما عرفت زويلة بنى خطاب. وقد وصفها بعض الجغرافيين والرحالة العرب وأثنوا على منتجاتها فقد وصفها البكرى في المسالك والممالك وهو من أهالي القرن الخامس الهجري بقوله”وهي مدينة غير مسورة في وسط الصحراء وهي أول بلاد السودان وبها جامع وحمام وأسواق يجتمع بها الرفاق من كل جهة منها ومنها يفترق قاصدهم وتتشعب طرقهم وبها نخيل وبساط للزرع يسقى الإبل”. (ar)
  • Zawila ou Zawilah, Zwila, Zuila, Zweila, Zuweila, Zuwayla (arabe : زويلة) est une oasis et une ville située au sud-ouest de la Libye. Elle fut au Moyen Âge un important centre commercial dont la principale activité fut le commerce des esclaves. (fr)
  • Zawila o Zuwayla fue una ciudad del Fezán, en la moderna Libia.​ (es)
  • Zawila (also spelled Zuila, Zweila, Zwila, Zawilah, Zuwayla or Zuweila) is a village in southwestern Libya. During the Middle Ages, it was the capital of the Fezzan region. When Uqba ibn Nafi passed through the area in 46 A.H. (666/67 CE), there was no city there. Zawila was settled probably in the early 8th century. It very quickly became the chief town of the region. During its early history, it was dominated by the Hawwara Berbers, who mostly followed Ibadism. The Abbasids under Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i captured the town in 762/63, and killed its Ibadi ruler, Abd Allah ibn Hayyan, but Ibadism persisted in Zuwila and the Fezzan in general. The town then became part of the Rustamid domains, albeit lying on the extreme eastern periphery of their realm. After the demise of the Rustamid dynasty at the hands of the Fatimids, in 918/19 Zawila became the capital of another independent Ibadi state, under the Berber Banu Khattab dynasty, which lasted until 1176/77. During this period, Zawila enjoyed considerable prosperity, both from agriculture, with the aid of irrigation works, as well as from its privileged position on the trans-Saharan trade networks. As well as for its production of a leather variety named after the town. The Fatimids recruited soldiers from the area, whence the name of the Bab Zuwayla gate in Cairo. Alongside the Berbers, the town was inhabited also by a free black settler population, likely of Toubou and Kanuri origin The Kanem Empire started raiding the region in the 11th century, but the Banu Khattab held power until they were conquered by an Armenian Mamluk, Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush, who, coming from Egypt, conquered the region in the 1170s. The instability created by Qaraqush was exploited by the Kanem, who by the end of the 12th century had seized control of the Fezzan, establishing a new capital at Traghan, a few miles west of Zawila. Kanemi rule seems to have been relatively intermittent after the conquest of Fezzan by the end of the 12th century. During this time period, Zawila became one of the many slave-colonies established by Kanem-Bornu throughout their lands and became known for the extraction of salt. Evebtually, the local Bornuan garrison began to exercise an increasing about of autonomy from Bornuan authority, ushering in a period of Semi-Independence as influence from the Hafsids began to grow. This period was brought to an abrupt end with the Ottoman conquest of Fezzan, but failure to integrate the economy of the Libyan countryside with the Mediterranean coast led to the disruption of the trans-Saharan trade routes which affected the town's prosperity and it lost its importance and rank of capital. When the Awlad Muhammad dynasty established Murzuk as their capital to the west of Zawila, the trade routes were diverted there, and Zawila fell into obscurity. (en)
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